Ceramic particles with controlled pore and/or microsphere placement and/or size and method of making same
The present invention relates to lightweight high strength microsphere containing ceramic particles having controlled microsphere placement and/or size and microsphere morphology, which produces an improved balance of specific gravity and crush strength such that they can be used in applications such as proppants to prop open subterranean formation fractions. Proppant formulations are further disclosed which use one or more microsphere containing ceramic particles of the present invention. Methods to prop open subterranean formation fractions are further disclosed. In addition, other uses for the microsphere containing ceramic particles of the present invention are further disclosed, as well as methods of making the microsphere containing ceramic particles.
1. A method for producing a glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article, said method comprising
a. forming a green body from a green body material that comprises at least one ceramic or ceramic precursor and a microsphere and/or a pore former, wherein a majority of said microsphere and/or pore formers are is distributed in said green body such that the majority of said microsphere and/or pore formers is not in contact with each other, and said microsphere and/or pore formers have a substantially uniform shape and size;
b. sintering said green body under sintering conditions to form a sintered body having gas bubbles contained therein, and wherein said gas bubbles are at least partially surrounded by at least one glassy compound which forms a microsphere and/or pore in situ in said glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof particle, wherein said glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article has a specific gravity of from about 1.0 to about 2.25, a porosity of from about 1% to about 10%, a crush strength of from about 10 MPa to about 300 MPa, and a four point bending strength of about 50 MPa to about 400 MPa.
2. A glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article comprising a sintered body having gas bubbles contained therein, and wherein said gas bubbles are at least partially surrounded by at least one glassy compound forming in situ microspheres and/or pores, and a majority of said in situ microspheres and/or pores are not in contact with each other, wherein said glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article has a specific gravity of from about 1.0 to about 2.25, a porosity of from about 1% to about 10%, a crush strength of from about 10 MPa to about 300 MPa, and a four point bending strength of about 50 MPa to about 400 MPa.
3. The glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article of claim 2 , wherein said sintered body comprises at least in part cordierite, mullite, bauxite, silica, spodumene, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium oxide, lithium oxide, iron oxide, spinel, steatite, a silicate, a clay, a substituted alumino silicate clay, an inorganic nitride, an inorganic carbide, a non-oxide ceramic or any combination thereof.
4. The glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article of claim 2 , wherein said sintered body surrounds a cenosphere, a micro glass bead, a synthetic cenosphere, a polymer bead or any combination thereof.
5. The glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article of claim 2 , wherein said glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article has a specific gravity of from about 1.8 to about 2.25.
6. The glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article of claim 2 , wherein said in situ formed microspheres and/or pores contain whiskers or fibers.
7. The glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article of claim 2 , wherein said sintered body contains whiskers or fibers.
8. The glass-ceramic, ceramic, metal or combinations thereof article of claim 2 , wherein the interface between said sintered body and said microsphere contains whiskers or fibers.