Membrane activated chelators and use in the prevention and treatment of parasitic infection
Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions useful in the prevention and treatment of protozoan infections in mammals comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one membrane activated chelator compound which is a lipophilic diester derivative of the chelating agent 1,2-bis(2 aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid, or a salt, solvate, stereoisomer, or prodrug thereof, as well as compositions which include at least one or more other anti-parasitic compound, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in an effective amount. Methods for prevention, treatment, and combination therapies are also provided.
1. A method for treatment of a parasitic infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one membrane activated chelator compound of formula I:
or a salt, solvate, stereoisomer, or prodrug thereof,
wherein R is saturated or unsaturated alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl or cycloalkyl-alkyl radical having from 1 to 28 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by any combination of 1-6 oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms, provided that no two oxygen atoms or an oxygen and a nitrogen atom are directly connected to each other; and M denotes a hydrogen or a physiologically acceptable cation, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in an amount effective to suppress or eliminate the parasite from the subject, wherein the parasitic infection is caused by infection of the subject with a protozoan organism selected from the group consisting of: Acanthamoeba, Babesia, Balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Dientamoeba, Entamoeba, Giardia, Isospora, Leishmania, Naegleria, Plasmodium, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, Trichomonas , and Trypanosoma.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protozoan organism is Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protozoan organism is Plasmodium falciparum.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein R in the compound of Formula (I) is a phenylalkyl, and alkyl interrupted by zero to three oxygen atoms.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein R in the compound of Formula (I) is a monoalkyl ether of mono-, di, or tri-ethylene glycol.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein, wherein R in the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of: C 8 H 17 , C 8 H 17 OCH 2 CH 2 , C 18 H 37 , C 18 H 37 OCH 2 CH 2 , benzyl-CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 , C 12 H 25 OCH 2 CH 2 , C 12 H 25 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 2 and C 12 H 25 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 3 .
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of: 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane, N,N′-di(2-octoxyethyl acetate), N,N′-diacetic acid; 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane, N,N′-di(2-octodecyloxyethyl acetate), N,N′-diacetic acid; 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane, N,N′-di(2-benzyloxyethyl acetate), N,N′-acetic acid; 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane, N,N′-di(2-dodecyloxyethyl acetate), N,N′-diacetic acid; 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane, N,N′-di[2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)-ethyl acetate], N,N′-diacetic acid; and 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane, N,N′-di {2-[2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy) ethoxy]-ethyl acetate}, N,N′-diacetic acid.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising at least one or more other anti-parasitic compounds.