Composite materials formed by shear mixing of carbon nanostructures and related methods
Carbon nanostructures free of an adhered growth substrate can include a plurality of carbon nanotubes that are branched, crosslinked, and share common walls with one another. Under applied shear, crosslinks between the carbon nanotubes in carbon nanostructures can break to form fractured carbon nanotubes that are branched and share common walls. Methods for making polymer composites from carbon nanostructures can include combining a polymer matrix and a plurality of carbon nanostructures that are free of an adhered growth substrate, and dispersing the carbon nanostructures in the polymer matrix under applied shear. The applied shear breaks crosslinks between the carbon nanotubes to form a plurality of fractured carbon nanotubes that are dispersed as individuals in the polymer matrix. Polymer composites can include a polymer matrix and a plurality of fractured carbon nanotubes dispersed as individuals in the polymer matrix.
1. A polymer composite prepared by a method comprising:
combining a plurality of carbon nanostructures and a polymer matrix, the carbon nanostructures each being free of an adhered growth substrate and comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes that are branched, crosslinked, and share common walls with one another; and
dispersing the carbon nanostructures in the polymer matrix under applied shear;
wherein the applied shear breaks crosslinks between the carbon nanotubes to form a plurality of fractured carbon nanotubes that are dispersed as individuals in the polymer matrix without a surfactant being present;
wherein the plurality of fractured carbon nanotubes comprises carbon nanotubes that are branched and share common walls with one another.
2. A polymer composite comprising:
a polymer matrix; and
a plurality of fractured carbon nanotubes that are dispersed as individuals in the polymer matrix without a surfactant being present;
wherein the plurality of fractured carbon nanotubes comprises carbon nanotubes that are branched and share common walls with one another.
3. The polymer composite of claim 2 , wherein the fractured carbon nanotubes are produced from a plurality of carbon nanostructures that are free of an adhered growth substrate and are placed under applied shear;
wherein the carbon nanostructures each comprise a plurality of carbon nanotubes that are branched, crosslinked, and share common walls with one another before being placed under applied shear, the applied shear breaking crosslinks between carbon nanotubes to form the fractured carbon nanotubes.
4. The polymer composite of claim 3 , wherein at least a portion of the carbon nanostructures are functionalized before being placed under applied shear.
5. The polymer composite of claim 2 , further comprising:
a fiber material incorporated in the polymer matrix, the fiber material not being adhered to the fractured carbon nanotubes.
6. The polymer composite of claim 2 , wherein a concentration of fractured carbon nanotubes in the polymer matrix ranges between about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the polymer composite.
7. The polymer composite of claim 2 , wherein a concentration of fractured carbon nanotubes in the polymer matrix ranges between about 3% to about 6% by weight of the polymer composite.
8. The polymer composite of claim 2 , further comprising:
a coating on the fractured carbon nanotubes, the coating differing in composition from the polymer matrix.