Biomimetic membranes and methods of making biomimetic membranes
The present disclosure is directed to biomimetic membranes and methods of manufacturing such membranes that include structural features that mimic the structures of cellular membrane channels and produce membrane designs capable of high selectivity and high permeability or adsorptivity. The membrane structure, material and chemistry can be selected to perform liquid separations, gas separation and capture, ion transport and adsorption for a variety of applications.
1. A membrane, comprising:
a support comprising a plurality of pores having a pore length and a first pore depth extending from a pore opening;
wherein the plurality of pores have a first pore diameter from a pore opening to a first pore depth and a second pore diameter from the first pore depth to the pore length;
a nanoporous structure disposed within the plurality of pores from the pore opening up to the first pore depth, wherein the nanoporous structure comprises:
a plurality of nanopores having a first nanopore diameter having a first nanopore surface chemistry extending from a nanopore opening to a first nanopore depth and a second nanopore diameter having a second nanopore surface chemistry extending from the first nanopore depth to a second nanopore depth; and
wherein a polymer film is attached to the first nanopore surface chemistry to the first pore depth; and
wherein the polymer film is selected from a group consisting of polyamides, polypeptides, polyarylenes polycelluloses, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyvinylacetates, polyacrylonitriles, poly(N-isopropylacrylamides), ionomers, elastins and proteins.
2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the nanoporous structure comprises a self-assembled material.
3. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein:
the first nanopore diameter is reduced from the second nanopore diameter by atomic layer deposition or molecular layer deposition of a material; and
the first nanopore diameter is less than 100 nm.
4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein:
the first nanopore diameter is reduced from the second nanopore diameter by atomic layer deposition or molecular layer deposition of a material; and
the first nanopore diameter is between 0.5 nm and 20 nm.
5. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the first nanopore depth is up to 20 nm.
6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the first nanopore depth is between 0.04 nm and 10 nm.
7. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of pores have a first pore diameter from the pore opening to a first pore depth that is less than the pore length.
8. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein:
the first nanopore depth is less than 10 nm.
9. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer film has a polymer film pore size between 0.2 nm and 1 nm.
10. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer material is carbonized to form a porous carbon structure.