Decortication methods for producing raw materials from plant biomass
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to materials and methods for producing a wide range of raw materials from plant biomass. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides materials and methods for efficient decortication of plant biomass using a thermally regulated process to generate reactive oxygen species in the presence of a catalyst. Embodiments of the present disclosure address the need for improved methods with which to obtain a wide range of raw materials from plant biomass without the need for industrial decortication machines and without producing harmful industrial waste.
1. A method for decorticating plant biomass material, the method comprising:
submerging the plant biomass material in an aqueous-based decortication solution, the submerged plant biomass material being located adjacent to one or more exogenous catalysts;
heating the decortication solution containing the submerged plant biomass material to between about 85-98° C. for a pre-determined incubation period; and
introducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) into the decortication solution adjacent to the one or more exogenous catalysts during the incubation period at a plurality of pre-determined intervals so that the one or more exogenous catalysts interact chemically with the ROS to decorticate the plant biomass material.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant biomass material is from the Cannabis genus.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more exogenous catalysts is comprised of one or more transition metals.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more exogenous catalysts facilitates a transfer of electrons to produce the ROS.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ROS is one or more of a peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, an oxygen ion, a hydroxyl ion, a hydroxyl radical, and a superoxide.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more exogenous catalysts is an iron-based catalyst and the ROS is hydrogen peroxide, and wherein the iron-based catalyst interacts chemically with the hydrogen peroxide to produce hydroxyl radicals that decorticate the plant biomass material.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the iron-based catalyst is present in an amount between about 2.0 and about 6.0 grams per liter of the decortication solution.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the hydrogen peroxide is introduced as a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution into the decortication solution in amounts between about 0.2% and about 0.06% of the total volume of the decortication solution.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pre-determined intervals are 10 minutes in duration and wherein the incubation period is 1 hour.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises adding an alkaline-based mixture to the decortication solution to terminate the chemical interaction between the one or more exogenous catalyst and the ROS.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein decorticating the plant biomass material further comprises separating fibers from hurd of the plant biomass material.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises repeating the submerging, heating, and introducing steps of the method using the fibers separated from the hurd of the plant biomass material until fibers having a pre-determined degree of thickness and coarseness are obtained.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed using a decortication assembly comprising:
a screen formed of inorganic material, an anchoring mechanism, and at least one catalyst containment unit having a plurality of individual cells, each containing the one or more exogenous catalysts, wherein the decortication assembly is configured to secure the plant biomass adjacent the catalyst containment unit; and
a decortication vessel including a first opening configured to receive the decortication assembly and a second opening configured to form an inlet for introducing the ROS into the decortication vessel.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inlet for introducing the ROS into the decortication vessel is configured to introduce the ROS adjacent to the one or more exogenous catalysts contained within the individual cells of the catalyst containment unit.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the anchoring mechanism comprises a stainless steel metal screen and at least one clamp to facilitate the complete submersion of the decortication assembly in a decortication solution.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed using a plant biomass catalyst containment unit comprising a plurality of individual cells containing the one or more exogenous catalysts, wherein both the catalyst containment unit and the cells containing the one or more exogenous catalysts are comprised of porous material to allow for chemical interaction between the one or more exogenous catalysts and the ROS.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the porous material comprising the cells is separate from the porous material comprising the catalyst containment unit.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the cells containing the one or more exogenous catalysts are detachable from the catalyst containment unit to enable the replacement of at least a portion of the one or more exogenous catalysts.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass material is not subject to mechanical pre-treatment.