Detection of conductive polymer-labeled analytes
The disclosure relates to the detection of analytes (e.g., biological pathogens such as bacteria or viruses) using a conductive polymer label. The disclosed detection system utilizing the conductive polymer label generally involves the formation of an analyte conjugate between the target analyte and a conductive polymer moiety conjugated to the target analyte. The conductive polymer portion of the analyte conjugate is electrically activated to form an electrically activated analyte conjugate having an increased electrical conductivity relative to the analyte conjugate as originally formed. The electrically activated analyte conjugate can then be detected by any suitable means, such as by conductimetric or electrochemical detection.
1. A system for binding a target analyte, the system comprising:
(a) a magnetic nanoparticle capture composition comprising: (i) a magnetic nanoparticle; and (ii) a first binding pair member bound to the magnetic nanoparticle, the first binding pair member being capable of specifically binding to the target analyte; and
(b) a conductive polymer nanoparticle label composition comprising: (i) a conductive polymer nanoparticle, and (ii) a second binding pair member bound to the conductive polymer nanoparticle, the second binding pair member being capable of specifically binding to the target analyte.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
(c) a biosensor comprising a detection surface having opposing top and bottom surfaces; and
(d) a magnetic means for generating a magnetic field positioned adjacent the bottom surface of the detection surface.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the biosensor is a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), and the detection surface is a working electrode of the SPCE.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
(i) the magnetic nanoparticles comprise at least one of Fe(II) and Fe(III); and,
(ii) the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyanilines, polypyrroles, polythiophenes, derivatives thereof, combinations thereof, blends thereof with other polymers, and copolymers of the monomers thereof.
5. A target analyte triplex comprising:
(a) a magnetic nanoparticle capture composition comprising: (i) a magnetic nanoparticle; and (ii) a first binding pair member bound to the magnetic nanoparticle, the first binding pair member being capable of specifically binding to the target analyte;
(b) a conductive polymer nanoparticle label composition comprising: (i) a conductive polymer nanoparticle, and (ii) a second binding pair member bound to the conductive polymer nanoparticle, the second binding pair member being capable of specifically binding to the target analyte; and
(c) the target analyte bound to both the first binding pair member and the second binding pair member.
6. The triplex of claim 5 , wherein:
(i) the magnetic nanoparticles comprise at least one of Fe(II) and Fe(III); and,
(ii) the conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyanilines, polypyrroles, polythiophenes, derivatives thereof, combinations thereof, blends thereof with other polymers, and copolymers of the monomers thereof.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the conductive polymer comprises a polyaniline.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first binding pair member comprises a first antibody, and the second binding pair member comprises a second antibody.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first binding pair member comprises a first oligonucleotide, and the second binding pair member comprises a second oligonucleotide.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the target analyte comprises a bacterium.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the target analyte comprises a virus.
12. The system of claim 2 , wherein the biosensor comprises a binding pair member capable of specific or non-specific binding to the target analyte, the binding pair member being immobilized on the detection surface.
13. The triplex of claim 5 , wherein the conductive polymer comprises a polyaniline.
14. The triplex of claim 5 , wherein the first binding pair member comprises a first antibody, and the second binding pair member comprises a second antibody.
15. The triplex of claim 5 , wherein the first binding pair member comprises a first oligonucleotide, and the second binding pair member comprises a second oligonucleotide.
16. The triplex of claim 5 , wherein the target analyte comprises a bacterium.
17. The triplex of claim 5 , wherein the target analyte comprises a virus.