Engineering rubber production in plants

1. A method for transforming guayule chloroplasts to provide a transplastomic guayule plant, the method comprising:

(i) growing guayule plants on hormone free media supplemented with activated charcoal to provide cultured guayule plants;

(ii) collecting leaves from the cultured guayule plants to provide leaves from the cultured guayule plants;

(iii) placing the leaves from the cultured guayule plants in medium comprising trans-zeatin-riboside for bombarding and recovery;

(iv) bombarding the leaves from the cultured guayule plants with gold particles, wherein the gold particles are coated with chloroplast transformation vector, thereby providing bombarded guayule leaves, and wherein the chloroplast transformation vector comprises guayule specific flanking sequences and a transgene cassette, wherein said guayule specific flanking sequences are 5′ and 3′ to said transgene cassette, wherein said guayule specific flanking sequences target insertion of the chloroplast transformation to chloroplast DNA, and wherein said transgene cassette comprises a transgene and a heterologous selectable marker gene;

(v) incubating the bombarded guayule leaves in the medium comprising trans-zeatin-riboside, to provide recovered bombarded guayule leaves;

(vi) transferring the recovered bombarded guayule leaves to Callus and Shoot Induction medium comprising a selection agent and between about 100 mg/L to about 450 mg/L calcium nitrate;

(vii) growing the recovered bombarded guayule leaves in Callus and Shoot Induction medium to provide calli and small shoots;

(viii) transferring the calli and small shoots to Shoot Induction Medium wherein the Shoot Induction Medium comprises between about 100 mg/L to about 450 mg/L calcium nitrate;

(ix) growing the calli and small shoots in the Shoot Induction Medium until shoots are elongated, to provide elongated shoots;

(x) transferring the elongated shoots to Rooting Medium comprising a selection agent;

(xi) growing the elongated shoots on the Rooting Medium until roots are formed, to provide rooted shoots;

(xii) transplanting the rooted shoot to soil, and

(xiii) growing the rooted shoots in the soil;

thereby providing a transplastomic guayule plant.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said transgene comprises nucleotides 4657 through 12820 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said transgene is 5′ to said heterologous selectable marker gene.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heterologous selectable marker gene is 5′ to said transgene.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said guayule specific flanking sequences that are 5′ to said transgene cassette are nucleotides 1874-3821 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and wherein said guayule specific flanking sequences that are 3′ to said transgene cassette are nucleotides 14991-16075 of SEQ ID NO: 1.