Transparent conductive electrodes comprising surface functionalized metal nanowires, their structure design, and method of making such structures
Discloses herein is a patterned transparent conductive electrode, comprises a substrate and a substantial single conductive layer on top of the substrate. The single conductive layer comprises a first region comprising a network of silver nanowires and means for protecting the nanowire from surface oxidation; and a second region, comprising a plurality of metal nanowires and means for protecting nanowire from surface oxidation, and metal oxide nanowires.
1. A patterned transparent conductive film, comprising
a substrate;
a substantial single layer on top of the substrate, comprising
a first region comprising a network of metal nanowires which are surface functionalized and inert to oxidation or acid reactions; and
a second region, comprising a plurality of metal nanowires which are surface functionalized and inert to oxidation or acid reactions, and optionally metal oxide nanowires, wherein the metal nanowires in the second region do not form a network.
2. The film of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanowire is silver nanowire.
3. The film of claim 2 , wherein the metal nanowire of the first region has a diameter of 50 nm or less.
4. The film of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index difference between the first region and the second region is less than 0.05.
5. The film of claim 1 , wherein the haze difference between the first region and the second region is less than 0.2%.
6. The film of claim 1 , wherein the first region has a dimension parallel to a plane formed by the layer on top of the substrate that is larger than 1 um.
7. The film of claim 1 , wherein the first region has a dimension parallel to a plane formed by the layer on top of the substrate that is larger than 10 um.
8. The film of claim 1 , wherein the second region has a dimension parallel to a plane formed by the layer on top of the substrate that is less than 200 um.
9. The film of claim 1 , wherein the second region has a dimension parallel to a plane formed by the layer on top of the substrate that is less than 100 um.
10. The film of claim 1 , wherein the single layer has a thickness between 50-150 nm.
11. The film of claim 1 , wherein the average length of the nanowires between the first and second region is more than 2:1.