Enhanced thermally conductive cushioning foams by addition of metal materials
Methods and combinations for making and using one or more thermally conductive cellular foam layers comprising flexible cellular foam and metallic material particulates, and said thermally-conductive cellular foam layers may be located on, under, or in cushioning foams and mattresses or placed between on, under, within, or between other layering substrates to increase the overall cooling capability of the composite. The thermally conductive foam may be used in mattresses, pillows, bedding products, medical cushioning foams, and similar materials used in bedding environments.
1. A thermally conductive (TC) foam comprising:
a flexible cellular foam, and
a plurality of metal material particulates dispersed in the flexible cellular foam in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 25 wt % in the TC foam to improve the thermal conductivity of the flexible cellular foam, where the metal material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, steel, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, tin, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten, derivatives of these metal materials combined with an element selected from the group consisting of oxygen, halogens, carbon, silicon and combinations thereof, and combinations of any of these, and where the metal material particulates have an average particle size range of between about 1 to about 1000 microns,
where the TC foam has improved thermal conductivity as compared to an otherwise identical flexible cellular foam with an absence of the metal material particulates, where the improved thermal conductivity is at least 0.01 W/(m-° K) higher than the flexible cellular foam with an absence of the metal material particles.
2. The TC foam of claim 1 where the flexible cellular foam is produced by a process comprising polymerizing a polyol with a polyisocyanate.
3. The TC foam of claim 1 where the TC foam is produced by a method comprising:
introducing the plurality of metal material particulates into a mixture of flexible cellular foam-forming components comprising a polyol and an isocyanate; and
polymerizing the polyol and the isocyanate to form the flexible cellular foam.
4. An article of manufacture comprising the TC foam of claim 1 where the article of manufacture is selected from the group consisting of medical cushioning foams, mattresses, pillows, bedding products, mattress pillow toppers, quilted mattress toppers, mattress toppers, and combinations thereof.
5. The TC foam of claim 1 where the flexible cellular foam is an open cell polyurethane foam, closed cell polyurethane foam, open cell polyester polyurethane foam, closed cell polyester polyurethane foam, and combinations thereof.
6. The TC foam of claim 1 wherein the metal material particulates are in the form of flakes, powders, spherical, crystalline arrangement, and combinations thereof.
7. The TC foam of claim 1 wherein the TC foam comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of a solid sheet, a perforated sheet, a non-planar sheet, a planar sheet, a textured sheet, and combinations thereof.
8. The TC foam of claim 1 wherein the TC foam is adhered to a layering substrate.
9. The TC foam of claim 1 comprising a smooth gradient transition from the TC foam to a substrate foam where there is no sharp demarcation between the TC foam and the substrate foam.
10. A cushion foam comprising a layer comprised of the TC foam of claim 1 .
11. A mattress comprising a layer comprised of the TC foam of claim 1 .
12. A mattress topper pad comprising a layer comprised of the TC foam of claim 1 .
13. An article of manufacture selected from the group consisting of a cushion foam, a mattress, a mattress topper pad, and combinations thereof, where the article of manufacture comprises a rectangular shape having a relatively long side and a relatively short side, and at least one zone selected from the group consisting of a longitudinal zone parallel to the relatively long side, a lateral zone parallel to the relatively short side, and combinations thereof, where the at least one zone comprises the TC foam of claim 1 .
14. An article of manufacture selected from the group consisting of medical cushioning foams, mattresses, pillows, bedding products, mattress pillow toppers, quilted mattress toppers, mattress toppers, and combinations thereof, where the article of manufacture further comprises at least one layer comprising the TC foam of claim 1 .
15. A pillow comprising a TC foam of claim 1 .
16. An article of manufacture comprising:
at least one layer comprising a TC foam of claim 1 ; and
a component produced by a process selected from the group consisting of molding, free-rise, and combinations thereof;
where the article of manufacture is selected from the group consisting of a vehicle seat cushion, a back support, and a combination thereof.
17. An article of manufacture comprising:
at least one layer comprising a TC foam of claim 1 ;
a component produced by a process selected from the group consisting of molding, free-rise, and combinations thereof; and
a temperature adjustment system selected from the group comprising heating through electrical resistance, cooling through a refrigerant and a combination of both;
where the article of manufacture is selected from the group consisting of a vehicle seat cushion, a back support, and a combination thereof.
18. A thermally conductive (TC) foam comprising:
a flexible cellular foam, and
a plurality of metal material particulates dispersed in the flexible cellular foam in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 25 wt % in the TC foam to improve the thermal conductivity of the flexible cellular foam, where the metal material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, steel, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, tin, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten, derivatives of these metal materials combined with an element selected from the group consisting of oxygen, halogens, carbon, silicon and combinations thereof, and combinations of any of these, and where the metal material particulates have an average particle size range of between about 1 to about 1000 microns,
where the TC foam has improved thermal conductivity as compared to an otherwise identical flexible cellular foam with an absence of the metal material particulates, where the improved thermal conductivity is at least 0.01 W/(m-° K) higher than the flexible cellular foam with an absence of the metal material particles, where the flexible cellular foam is an open cell polyurethane foam, closed cell polyurethane foam, open cell polyester polyurethane foam, closed cell polyester polyurethane foam, and combinations thereof, produced by a process comprising polymerizing a polyol with a polyisocyanate.
19. A thermally conductive (TC) foam comprising:
a flexible cellular foam, and
a plurality of metal material particulates dispersed in the flexible cellular foam in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 25 wt % in the TC foam to improve the thermal conductivity of the flexible cellular foam, where the metal material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, steel, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, tin, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten, derivatives of these metal materials combined with an element selected from the group consisting of oxygen, halogens, carbon, silicon and combinations thereof, and combinations of any of these and where the metal material particulates have an average particle size range of between about 1 to about 1000 microns, and where the metal material particulates are in the form of flakes, powders, spherical, crystalline arrangement, and combinations thereof,
where the TC foam has improved thermal conductivity as compared to an otherwise identical flexible cellular foam with an absence of the metal material particulates, where the improved thermal conductivity is at least 0.01 W/(m-° K) higher than the flexible cellular foam with an absence of the metal material particles, where the TC foam is produced by a method comprising:
introducing the plurality of metal material particulates into a mixture of flexible cellular foam-forming components comprising a polyol and an isocyanate; and
polymerizing the polyol and the isocyanate to form the flexible cellular foam.