Process and catalyst for conversion of acetic acid to isobutene and propylene
A process is disclosed for converting acetic acid to propylene and isobutene as the principal hydrocarbon products made, in the presence of a catalyst and in the further presence of hydrogen. In certain embodiments, a Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalyst is used for carrying out a gas phase process, and propylene is produced preferentially to isobutene by using at least a certain amount of hydrogen in the process. In some embodiments, a Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalyst made by an incipient wetness impregnation method is used and is indicated to be very stable for carrying out the conversion.
1. A process for converting acetic acid to propylene and isobutene comprising: reacting hydrogen with acetic acid in the presence of a Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalyst in a reactor to form propylene and isobutene, in which the ratio of x:y is from 1:100 to 10:1 and z is a stoichiometric coefficient for the Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalyst.
2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein propylene is produced preferentially to isobutene.
3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2 , wherein the Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalyst contains less than 0.14 percent by weight of sulfur.
4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalyst contains less than 0.01 percent by weight of sulfur.
5. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalyst contains less than 0.001 percent by weight of sulfur.
6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein x:y is from 1:30 to 1:1.
7. A process according to claim 6 , wherein x:y is from 1:20 to 1:5.
8. A process according to claim 7 , wherein x:y is from 1:12 to 1:10.
9. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the hydrogen is supplied to the reactor in combination with inert carrier gas.
10. A process according to claim 9 , wherein the hydrogen comprises at least 20 percent by volume of a hydrogen and inert carrier gas combination by volume.
11. A process according to claim 9 , comprising altering comparative production of propylene and isobutene by adjusting the amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen and inert carrier gas combination.
12. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out at a temperature in the range of from about 350 to about 700 degrees Celsius and a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range of from about 0.01 and 10 hr −1 .