Ground terminal and gateway beam pointing toward an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for network access
Systems and methods for detecting an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Network access (for example, to the Internet) may be provided by detecting a UAV and fixing one or more beams from one or more ground terminals to the UAV. In one embodiment, the detection of a UAV includes forming and pointing beams from a ground terminal and ground gateways toward the UAV. The ground terminal may be configured to autonomously steer its antenna beam during initial installation to detect the reference signal from a UAV. In one variant, the ground terminals are steered to more finely track the position of the UAV based on a signal quality metric such as received signal strength. In one embodiment, the ground terminal antenna is initially manually pointed toward the UAV, and thereafter allowed to automatically steer to track the position of the UAV.
1. A communications system for operating an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) apparatus, the communications system comprising:
a UAV apparatus comprising a UAV radio apparatus configured to:
steer one or more UAV beams toward a specific location on a ground location; and
receive one or more terminal antenna beams from the ground location; and
a ground terminal comprising a ground antenna apparatus configured to:
form the one or more terminal antenna beams;
steer the one or more terminal antenna beams toward a two-dimensional target area proximate to the UAV apparatus, the two-dimensional target area comprising a plurality of search bins each having a substantially equal area;
steer at least one of the one or more terminal antenna beams toward a center of each one of the plurality of search bins of the two-dimensional target area;
search for a reference signal transmitted by the UAV apparatus; and
when the reference signal is detected at a particular one of the plurality of search bins, initiate a fine tracking mode.
2. The communications system of claim 1 , wherein the ground antenna apparatus is manually pointed toward an estimated location of the UAV apparatus at installation, and where the ground antenna apparatus is further configured to automatically track the UAV apparatus.
3. The communications system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more terminal antenna beams are steered toward the UAV apparatus in real-time, based at least in part on known position information of the UAV apparatus.
4. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional target area is defined by a range of azimuthal and elevation angles.
5. The communications system of claim 1 , wherein the center of each one of the plurality of search bins is characterized by an azimuthal and/or elevation angle with respect to the ground antenna apparatus.
6. The communications system of claim 1 , wherein:
a second plurality of search bins are defined proximate to the particular one of the plurality of search bins;
the ground antenna apparatus is further configured to:
steer the at least one of the one or more terminal antenna beams toward a second center of each of the second plurality of search bins to measure a signal quality metric associated therewith; and
fix the at least one of the one or more terminal antenna beams to a final bin of the second plurality of search bins, the final bin being associated with a highest measured signal quality metric.
7. The communication system of claim 6 , wherein the signal quality metric comprises a received signal strength of at least one of the one or more UAV beams.
8. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the UAV radio apparatus is configured to steer the one or more UAV beams using at least a two-axis mechanical capability.
9. The communication system of claim 1 , wherein the UAV radio apparatus is configured to steer the one or more UAV beams using at least a one-axis mechanical capability and a one-axis electronic beam forming capability.
10. A method of detecting an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) apparatus using a ground terminal apparatus, the method comprising:
pointing a ground antenna toward an estimated location of the UAV apparatus;
defining a current bin around an area corresponding to the estimated location;
defining a first plurality of search bins proximate to the current bin;
wherein a target region is disposed around the current bin, the target region being divided into the first plurality of search bins; and
searching each of the first plurality of search bins until a reference signal from the UAV apparatus is detected at one of the first plurality of search bins.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the target region is defined by a range of azimuthal and elevation angles.
12. A method of detecting an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) apparatus using a ground terminal apparatus, the method comprising:
pointing a ground antenna toward an estimated location of the UAV apparatus;
defining a current bin around an area corresponding to the estimated location;
defining a first plurality of search bins proximate to the current bin;
wherein the first plurality of search bins and the current bin each comprise a two-dimensional area having substantially equal sizes; and
searching each of the first plurality of search bins until a reference signal from the UAV apparatus is detected at one of the first plurality of search bins.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a position of the UAV apparatus is estimated based on real-time position coordinates of the UAV apparatus.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the searching comprises pointing a beam originating from the ground antenna, the beam being sequentially pointed toward each of the first plurality of search bins until the reference signal is detected within one of the first plurality of search bins.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising defining a second current bin at the one of the first plurality of search bins where the detected reference signal from the UAV apparatus was detected.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
defining a second plurality of search bins around the second current bin;
pointing the ground antenna toward a center corresponding to each one of the second plurality of search bins;
measuring a signal quality metric associated with each of the second plurality of search bins;
determining a third current bin having a highest measured signal quality metric; and
fixing the beam originating from the ground antenna on the third current bin.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein a first number of bins within the second plurality of search bins is smaller than a second number of bins within the first plurality of search bins.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
periodically updating a time counter;
when the time counter crosses a threshold:
determining a new current bin having the highest measured signal quality metric;
fixing the beam originating from the ground terminal antenna on the new current bin; and
resetting the time counter; and
when the time counter has not crossed the threshold, continuing to fix the beam originating from the ground antenna on the third current bin.
19. A method of detecting an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) apparatus using a ground terminal apparatus, the method comprising:
pointing a ground terminal antenna toward an estimated location of the UAV apparatus based on at least partially known real-time position information of the UAV apparatus;
defining a current bin based on the estimated location;
defining a plurality of search bins around the current bin;
searching each one of the plurality of search bins until a reference signal from the UAV apparatus is detected within at least one of the plurality of search bins; and
when the reference signal is detected within the at least one of the plurality of search bins, initiating a fine tracking mode.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the searching the plurality of search bins comprises forming a beam from the ground terminal antenna toward a center of each of the plurality of search bins.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the at least partially known real-time position information of the UAV apparatus is periodically obtained via the UAV apparatus.