Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of site-specific and stoichiometric biomolecule-polymer conjugates
Methods for producing polypeptide-polymer conjugates include attachment of an initiator agent to a polypeptide specifically at the C-terminus of the polypeptide using a sortase enzyme and in situ polymerization of a polymer from the C-terminus. The polypeptide-polymer conjugates may have desirable pharmacological properties and may be used therapeutically.
1. A method of making polypeptide-polymer conjugates having one or more altered pharmacological properties from a plurality of polypeptides having C-termini, the method comprising:
a) contacting the plurality of polypeptides with a sortase and an initiator agent under conditions that permit attachment of the initiator agent to the C-terminus to form a plurality of macroinitiators; and
b) incubating the plurality of macroinitiators with a monomer under conditions that permit free-radical polymerization to occur from the initiator agent to form polypeptide-polymer conjugates, such that at least about 25% of the polypeptides have a conjugated polymer initiated solely from the C-terminus,
wherein the polypeptide-polymer conjugates have an altered pharmacological property selected from at least one of (i) an in vivo half-life that is at least 25% greater compared with the in vivo half-life of the plurality of polypeptides; and (ii) an in vivo biodistribution to a tissue, organ or disease site that is at least 25% greater than the in vivo biodistribution of the plurality of polypeptides.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polypeptides comprise one or more peptides or protein therapeutic agents selected from an interferon, insulin, monoclonal antibody, blood factor, colony stimulating factor, growth hormone, interleukin, growth factor, therapeutic vaccine, calcitonin, tumor necrosis factors (TNF), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), betatrophin, enzyme, uricase, adenosine deaminase, asparaginase, and single chain antibodies.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomer comprises at least one of an acrylate, methacylate, acrylamide, and methacrylamide.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has side chains comprising moieties selected from oligoethylene glycol, betaine, carboxybetaine, sulfobetaine, phosphorylcholine, sarcosine or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the free-radical polymerization comprises at least one of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide comprises a sortase recognition site, a His-tag, an elastin-responsive polypeptide, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the sortase recognition site comprises LPXTG (SEQ ID NO: 3), wherein X is any amino acid.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sortase is Sortase A (SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 6).
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polypeptides and monomer are incubated with a catalyst in step (b).
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide-polymer conjugates have an in vivo half-life that is at least 80% greater than the in vivo half-life of the polypeptides.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least about 50% of the polypeptides have a conjugated polymer initiated solely from the C-terminus.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least about 75% of the polypeptides have a conjugated polymer initiated solely from the C-terminus.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least about 90% of the polypeptides have a conjugated polymer initiated solely from the C-terminus.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating the polypeptide-polymer conjugates formed in step b from the unreacted macroinitiators, wherein the yield of polypeptide-polymer conjugates is at least about 50% of the total conjugates and macroinitiators which are separated.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the yield of polypeptide-polymer conjugates is at least about 75%.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the yield of polypeptide-polymer conjugates is at least about 85%.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the polypeptide-polymer conjugates are separated by chromatography.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the wherein the polypeptide-polymer conjugates are separated by size-exclusion chromatography.