Method of forming zinc oxide film (ZnO) or magnesium zinc oxide film (ZnMgO) and apparatus for forming zinc oxide film or magnesium zinc oxide film

1. A method, comprising:

(A) converting a solution comprising zinc or zinc and magnesium into a mist by applying ultrasonic waves to said solution, said solution present in a solution container;

(B) heating a substrate to a temperature sufficient to form a zinc oxide film or a zinc-magnesium oxide film by heating said substrate with a heating device in contact with said substrate to the sufficient temperature, thereby obtaining a heated substrate present in a reaction vessel; and

(C) supplying the mist from (A) through a path that connects the solution container to the reaction vessel, thereby applying the mist to a first main surface of the heated substrate from (B) and supplying ozone to the reaction vessel, thereby applying the ozone to a first main surface of the heated substrate from (B), thereby forming a zinc oxide or magnesium zinc oxide film on the first main surface of the heated substrate, said film having a thickness of from 350 to 680 nm and a transmittance of at least 90% for wavelengths of from 350 nm to 1,500 nm,

wherein said mist comprising zinc or zinc and magnesium and said ozone are introduced sequentially and separately into the reaction chamber, and

said zinc oxide film is a ZnO film and said magnesium zinc oxide film is a ZnMgO film.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein

the solution comprises a compound comprising either zinc or magnesium, and

the compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkoxide compound, a β-diketone compound, a carboxylate compound, a halogen compound, an alkyl compound, and a cyclopentadienyl compound.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, fluorine, aluminum, phosphorus, chlorine, gallium, arsenic, niobium, indium, and antimony.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein

the converting (A) comprises converting two or more different solutions into mist, and

the supplying (C) comprises supplying each mist from the different solutions simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying (C) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone simultaneously or alternately.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying (C) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone through different paths.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying (C) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone to the substrate under an atmospheric pressure.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying (C) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone to the substrate under a reduced pressure environment.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein

said mist comprising zinc or zinc and magnesium and said ozone are mixed only inside the reaction vessel.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a powdered product from a reaction between said mist with ozone is not present on said zinc oxide film or said magnesium zinc oxide film.

11. A method, comprising:

(V) converting a solution comprising zinc or zinc and magnesium into a mist by applying ultrasonic waves to said solution, said solution present in a solution container;

(W) supplying the mist from (V) through path that connects the solution container to a reaction vessel, thereby applying the mist to a first main surface of a heated substrate present in the reaction vessel and ozone to a first main surface of the heated substrate, said substrate heated to a temperature sufficient to form a zinc oxide film or a zinc-magnesium oxide film; and

(X) irradiating the ozone with ultraviolet rays, thereby forming a zinc oxide or magnesium zinc oxide film on the first main surface of the heated substrate, said film having a thickness of from 350 to 680 nm and a transmittance of at least 90% for wavelengths of from 350 nm to 1,500 nm,

wherein said mist comprising zinc or zinc and magnesium and said ozone are introduced sequentially and separately into the reaction chamber, and

said zinc oxide film is a ZnO film and said magnesium zinc oxide film is a ZnMgO film.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the ozone to the heated substrate.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone simultaneously or alternately.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone through different paths.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone to the substrate under an atmospheric pressure.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone to the substrate under a reduced pressure environment.

17. The method of claim 11 , wherein

the solution comprises a compound comprising either zinc or magnesium, and

the compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkoxide compound, a β-diketone compound, a carboxylate compound, a halogen compound, an alkyl compound, and a cyclopentadienyl compound.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the solution comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, fluorine, aluminum, phosphorus, chlorine, gallium, arsenic, niobium, indium, and antimony.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein

the converting (V) comprises converting two or more different solutions into mist, and

the supplying (W) comprises supplying each mist from the different solutions simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.

20. A method, comprising:

(V) converting a solution comprising zinc or zinc and magnesium into a mist by applying ultrasonic waves to said solution, said solution present in a solution container;

(W) supplying the mist from (V) to a reaction vessel comprising a substrate through path that connects the solution container to a reaction vessel, thereby applying the mist to a first main surface of a substrate present in the reaction vessel and supplying ozone to a first main surface of a substrate;

(X) converting the ozone inside the reaction vessel into plasma; and

reacting the zinc or zinc and magnesium mist from (V) on the first main surface of said substrate in the presence of the plasma form of ozone, thereby forming a zinc oxide or magnesium zinc oxide film on the substrate, said film having a thickness of from 350 to 680 nm and a transmittance of at least 90% for wavelengths of from 350 nm to 1,500 nm,

wherein said mist comprising zinc or zinc and magnesium and said ozone are introduced sequentially and separately into the reaction chamber, and

said zinc oxide film is a ZnO film and said magnesium zinc oxide film is a ZnMgO film.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the ozone to the heated substrate.

22. The method of claim 20 , wherein

the solution comprises a compound comprising either zinc or magnesium, and

the compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkoxide compound, a β-diketone compound, a carboxylate compound, a halogen compound, an alkyl compound, and a cyclopentadienyl compound.

23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the solution comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, fluorine, aluminum, phosphorus, chlorine, gallium, arsenic, niobium, indium, and antimony.

24. The method of claim 20 , wherein

the converting (V) comprises converting two or more different solutions into mist, and

the supplying (W) comprises supplying each mist from the different solutions simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.

25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone simultaneously or alternately.

26. The method of claim 20 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone through different paths.

27. The method of claim 20 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone to the substrate under an atmospheric pressure.

28. The method of claim 20 , wherein the supplying (W) comprises supplying the solution and the ozone to the substrate under a reduced pressure environment.

29. The method according to claim 20 , wherein said converting is carried out in a plasma generator that is located between and connected to an ozone supply source and a reactor in which said reacting is carried out.