Sodium secondary battery including graphite felt as current collector
Provided is a sodium secondary battery including a graphite felt having a maximum porosity on a surface facing a solid electrolyte and a decreased porosity in a thickness direction, as a cathode current collector impregnated with an electrolyte.
1. A sodium secondary battery comprising:
a sodium ion conductive solid electrolyte separating an anode space and a cathode space;
an anode positioned in the anode space and containing sodium; and
a cathode current collector positioned in the cathode space and containing two or more graphite felts having different porosities stacked on top of each other in order of porosity from high to low so as for a graphite felt having a maximum porosity to face a solid electrolyte and a decreased porosity in a thickness direction of the cathode current collector,
wherein the cathode current collector has a material migration pore provided by a stack of the two or more graphite felts and is impregnated with catholyte positioned in the cathode space; and
wherein a porosity of the cathode current collector originated from the stack of the two or more graphite felts is maximum on a surface facing the solid electrolyte and decreased in a thickness direction.
2. The sodium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the stack of the two or more graphite felts has a porosity discontinuously decreased in a thickness direction.
3. The sodium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein a difference between the maximum porosity (%) and the minimum porosity (%) in the stack of the two or more graphite felts is 1% to 98%.
4. The sodium secondary battery of claim 3 , wherein the graphite felt has the maximum porosity of 2% to 99%.
5. The sodium secondary battery of claim 1 , further comprising a cylindrical metal case of which one end is closed and the other end is open, and a cover coupled with the open end of the metal case, wherein the cathode space and the anode space are separated by a tubular solid electrolyte of which one end is closed inserted into the metal case.
6. The sodium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein a facing surface of the surface facing the solid electrolyte of the cathode current collector contacts the metal case.
7. The sodium secondary battery of claim 6 , wherein cathode current collector has a cylindrical shape having a hollow, and the tubular solid electrolyte is positioned in the hollow.
8. The sodium secondary battery of claim 7 , wherein the stack of the two or more graphite felts has a porosity decreased in a direction from a surface of the hollow side to an outer side surface.
9. The sodium secondary battery of claim 1 , further comprising a cathode including a transition metal adhered to or supported in the graphite felt.
10. The sodium secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the catholyte includes a metal halide which is a halide of at least one metal selected from a group consisting of transition metals and metals from Group 12 to Group 14; and a solvent dissolving the metal halide.
11. The sodium secondary battery of claim 10 , wherein metal ions of the metal halide contained in the catholyte are electrodeposited on the cathode current collector as the metals at the time of being discharged, and the metals electrodeposited on the cathode current collector are dissolved into the catholyte as the metal ions at the time of being charged.