Stabilized glucagon solutions
A formulation composed of a sugar such as glucose and a surfactant such as myristoyl lysophosphocholine (LMPC) has been designed to stabilize both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of the glucagon molecule, under prolonged physiological conditions, in a formulation that is sufficiently similar to the pH and osmolarity of plasma so as not to induce or to minimize site irritation. The combination of a simple sugar and an surfactant stabilizes the glucagon molecule in an aqueous solution for seven days at 37° C.
1. A stabilized glucagon formulation comprising
Glucagon,
a surfactant, and
a monosaccharide,
wherein the surfactant and monosaccharide are in an effective amount to enhance the stability of glucagon, as compared to the stability of glucagon in combination with the surfactant, and
wherein the osmolarity is approximately 200 to 400 mOsm and the pH is between 2 and 8.
2. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the pH of the solution is between 5 and 7.6 and the osmolarity is between 240 and 310 mOsm.
3. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the surfactant is a lysophospholipid, phospholipid, glycerophospholipid or amphiphilic block copolymer.
4. The formulation of claim 3 wherein the surfactant is myristoyl lysophosphocholine.
5. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the monosaccharide is a monosaccharide with an alkyl chain length ranged from C8 to C12.
6. The formulation of claim 5 wherein the monosaccharide is glucose.
7. The formulation of claim 1 further comprising a preservative.
8. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the concentration range for the glucagon is between 0.5 and 5 mg/mL; monosaccharide is between 20 and 100 mg/mL; and surfactant is between 0.1 and 10 mg/mL.
9. The formulation of claim 8 wherein the concentration range for the glucagon is between 0.8 and 1.5 mg/mL; monosaccharide is between 36 and 72 mg/mL, and surfactant is between 0.5 and 5 mg/mL.
10. The formulation of claim 1 comprising a preservative in a concentration of between 0.2 and 3 mg/mL.
11. The formulation of claim 1 comprising up to 10% ethanol.
12. The formulation of claim 11 comprising about 2% ethanol.
13. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the pH of the formulation is in the physiological range.
14. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the pH of the formulation is in the acidic range.
15. The formulation of claim 1 comprising a microemulsion.
16. The formulation of claim 1 comprising micelles.
17. The formulation of claim 1 comprising a microprecipitate.
18. The formulation of claim 1 comprising a reconstitutable powder.
19. The formulation of claim 15 wherein the glucagon is provided in a two vial kit with one vial containing glucagon and a second vial containing diluent, wherein the glucagon is reconstituted with diluent immediately before use.
20. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the glucagon is administered in a pump.
21. The formulation of claim 1 wherein the glucagon is provided in a single vial as a solution in either the liquid or frozen state.
22. A method of making a stable glucagon solution comprising providing the formulation of claim 1 .
23. A method of treating diabetes or hypoglycemia in a patient in need thereof comprising administering the glucagon formulation of claim 1 .