Clamping device for an electrochemical cell stack

1. A clamping device for forming a battery, the clamping device comprising:

a first plate;

a second plate positionable relative to the first plate such that a space between the first plate and the second plate is sized to receive the battery, the battery comprising an anode comprising silicon;

a coupling member coupling the first plate to the second plate, wherein at least one of the first and second plates is movable away from the other plate, and the coupling member having a first end portion and a second end portion; and

an elastic member disposed between the first end portion and the second end portion,

wherein, in use, the clamping device is configured to be removed after cell formation or cell pretreatment.

2. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second plates is movable about the coupling member.

3. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein the variation of the distance between the first and second plates correlates with the expansion of the battery.

4. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the end portions of the coupling member is configured to set an applied pressure on the battery.

5. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein the clamping device is configured to reduce deformation of an electrode in the battery upon charging.

6. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein the elastic member is configured to be compressed during the charging of the battery, thereby reducing the increase in pressure on the battery exerted by the first and second plates.

7. The clamping device of claim 6 , wherein reducing the increase in pressure results in a substantially constant pressure on the battery.

8. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein the elastic member is configured to be compressed during the charging of the battery, thereby reducing variations in pressure on the battery due to the expansion of the battery.

9. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein the elastic member comprises a spring, a plunger, an elastic band, a pneumatic piston, or foam.

10. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein the coupling member comprises a fastener, a spring clamp, or a C-clamp.

11. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first or second end portions comprises a plurality of nuts or a plurality of fastener heads.

12. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second plates are sized to reduce bending of the first and second plates upon charging of the battery.

13. The clamping device of claim 12 , wherein the first and second plates have thicknesses between about 0.5 cm and about 0.8 cm.

14. The clamping device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second plates comprises a metal or an insulator.

15. The clamping device of claim 1 , further comprising an interfacial material between the first and second plates, the interfacial material configured to conform to a surface of the battery.

16. The clamping device of claim 15 , wherein the interfacial material comprises paper, paperboard, foam, rubber, or silicone rubber.

17. The clamping device of claim 4 , wherein the applied pressure is between about 10 psi and about 400 psi.

18. The clamping device of claim 17 , wherein the applied pressure is between about 40 psi and about 300 psi.

19. The clamping device of claim 18 , wherein the applied pressure is between about 100 psi and about 200 psi.

20. A method of forming a battery, the method comprising:

providing the clamping device of claim 1 ;

positioning the battery between the first and second plates;

adjusting the end portion of the coupling member to set an applied pressure on the battery; and

removing the clamping device from the battery after cell formation or cell pretreatment.

21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising charging the battery.

22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the battery is positioned between the first and second plates prior to charging the battery for the first time.

23. The method of claim 20 , wherein positioning the battery comprises positioning a second battery between the first and second plates.

24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the battery comprises an anode comprising graphite.

25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the applied pressure is between about 90 psi and about 300 psi.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the applied pressure is between about 100 psi and about 200 psi.

27. The method of claim 20 , wherein the battery is a lithium ion battery.