Data processing apparatus

1. A data processing apparatus comprising:

a local source of data;

a first controller; and

a tamper-resistant second controller configured to communicate with the first controller and to verify integrity of a series of calculation operations performed by the first controller, the first controller being configured to control and receive data from the local source of data and to perform the series of calculation operations on the data, wherein the first controller is configured to record history data of the series of calculation operations and transmit the history data to the tamper-resistant second controller, the tamper-resistant second controller being configured to one of randomly and pseudo-randomly select and verify one of the calculation operations to verify integrity of the series of calculation operations using the history data.

2. The data processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first controller performs the series of calculation operations on the data in a runtime phase in parallel to a commit phase, in which the tamper-resistant second controller one of randomly and pseudo-randomly selects one of the calculation operations to verify.

3. The data processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the history data is derived from a hash of a start state and a finish state of the series of calculation operations.

4. The data processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the history data is derived from a hash of each state of the series of calculation operations.

5. The data processing apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the history data is derived from a global hash of a concatenation of all state hashes of each state of the series of calculation operations.

6. The data processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tamper-resistant second controller is configured to indicate to the first controller which of the history data are to be transmitted after the first controller sends a hash result of the calculation operations performed by the first controller.

7. A vehicle telematics system comprising the data processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first controller is configured to control and receive data from a location sensing unit connected to the first controller via a communication interface, the first controller being configured to calculate a location of the vehicle based on location data received from the location sensing unit.

8. The vehicle telematics system of claim 7 , wherein the local source of data comprises a source of fare data and a source of map data, the first controller is configured to calculate a fare based on the calculated location and data received from both the source of fare data and the source of map data.

9. The vehicle telematics system of claim 7 , wherein the tamper-resistant second controller is provided as a removable card comprising data for identifying a user of the vehicle telematics system.

10. The vehicle telematics system of claim 7 , wherein the tamper-resistant second controller is configured to verify integrity of a selected subset of the calculation operations performed by the first controller during at least one of a location calculation operation and a fare calculation operation.

11. A metering system comprising the data processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first controller is configured to control and receive data from an energy meter connected to the first controller via a communication interface, wherein the first controller is configured to generate energy pricing based on data received from both the sensing unit and the local source of data.

12. The data processing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tamper-resistant second controller is configured to store the history data only for one selected operation to be verified.

13. A method of operating a data processing apparatus comprising a first controller and a tamper-resistant second controller, the method comprising:

receiving data at the first controller from a local source of data;

performing at the first controller a series of calculation operations on the data;

recording at the first controller history data of the series of calculation operations;

transmitting the history data from the first controller to the tamper-resistant second controller; and

one of randomly and pseudo-randomly selecting and verifying one of the calculation operations at the tamper-resistant second controller to verify integrity of the series of calculation operations by the first controller using the history data.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the series of calculation operations is performed in a runtime phase in parallel to a commit phase, in one of the calculation operations is one of randomly and pseudo-randomly selected to verify.

15. The method of claim 13 comprising deriving the history data at the first controller from a hash of a start state and a finish state of the series of calculation operations.

16. The method of claim 13 comprising deriving the history data at the first controller from a hash of each state of the series of calculation operations.

17. The method of claim 16 comprising deriving the history data at the first controller from a global hash of a concatenation of all state hashes of each state of the series of calculation operations.

18. The method of claim 13 comprising at the tamper-resistant second controller indicating to the first controller which of the history data are to be transmitted after the first controller sends a hash result of the calculation operations performed by the first controller.

19. The method of claim 13 comprising: receiving data at the first controller from a location sensing unit; and calculating at the first controller a location of a vehicle based on location data received from the location sensing unit and map data received from the local source of data.

20. The method of claim 13 comprising: receiving data at the first controller from an energy meter; and generating at the first controller energy pricing based on data received from both the sensing unit and the local source of data.