High-and low-viscosity estolide base oils and lubricants
Provided herein are compounds of the formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R 1 , R 3 , and R 4 , independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein compositions comprising the compounds are characterized by particular combinations of values for estolide number, kinematic viscosity, and pour point. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
1. A composition consisting essentially of one or more compounds of Formula I, said composition having an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or greater than 4, wherein the EN is the average number of estolide linkages in compounds according to Formula I, and a kinematic viscosity equal to or greater than 200 cSt when measured at 40° C., wherein the one or more compounds are selected from:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is equal to or greater than 0;
R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one compound is independently optionally substituted.
2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
n is an integer selected from 1 to 20;
R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 12.
4. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein R 2 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated.
5. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein R 2 is selected from branched C 6 to C 12 alkyl.
6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein R 2 is 2-ethylhexyl.
7. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein R 1 is selected from unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is unbranched and saturated or unsaturated.
8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein R 1 is saturated.
9. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, selected from 7 and 8.
10. The composition according to claim 9 , wherein y is, independently for each occurrence, selected from 7 and 8.
11. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein y is 0 for each occurrence.
12. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said composition has an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or greater than 5.
13. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said composition has a kinematic viscosity of 200 cSt to 250 cSt at 40° C.
14. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said composition exhibits an iodine value (IV) of less than 15 cg/g.
15. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said composition exhibits an iodine value (IV) of less than 10 cg/g.
16. A method comprising contacting a gearbox with the composition according to claim 1 .
17. A method comprising contacting a wind turbine with the composition according to claim 1 .