Ophthalmic devices incorporating metasurface elements
This invention describes Ophthalmic Devices with media inserts that have nanostructured Metasurface elements upon or within them. In some embodiments passive ophthalmic devices of various kinds may be formed. Methods and devices for active ophthalmic devices based on Metasurface structures may also be formed.
1. An ophthalmic device comprising:
an insert device; and
a plurality of metallic features arranged in a pattern on at least a portion of a surface of the insert device,
wherein the pattern of metallic features has a periodicity that is less than a distance equal to a targeted wavelength of light,
wherein the metallic features vary in shape and size based on their location on the surface of the insert device and a desired phase characteristic for the targeted wavelength of light, and
wherein the shape and size of the metallic features is constant for locations on the surface of the insert device with a radius that is constant in a cylindrical coordinate system referenced to the surface of the insert device.
2. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the location of the metallic features on the surface of the insert device is based upon a phase shift relationship based on the estimated relationship of
PS
(
r
,
Θ
,
h
)
≅
2
π
λ
(
r
2
+
f
′2
-
f
′
)
where r is a radius of the location of the metallic feature, θ is a polar angle of the location of the metallic feature, λ is the targeted wavelength of light, h is a cylindrical coordinate system height of the location of the metallic feature, and f is an effective estimated focal length for a desired lens characteristic.
3. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , additionally comprising:
an encapsulating lens skirt of hydrogel material.
4. The ophthalmic device of claim 3 , additionally comprising:
stabilization features within the encapsulating lens skirt.
5. The ophthalmic device of claim 3 , wherein at least a portion of the surface of the insert device is concave in shape.
6. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the surface of the insert device is convex in shape.
7. An ophthalmic device comprising:
an insert device; and
a plurality of metallic features arranged in a pattern on at least a portion of a surface of the insert device,
wherein the pattern of metallic features has a periodicity that is less than a distance equal to a targeted wavelength of light,
wherein the metallic features vary in shape and size based on their location on the surface of the insert device and a desired phase characteristic for the targeted wavelength of light, and
wherein the metallic features have a surface area that is less than or approximately equal to 10,000 nm 2 .
8. The ophthalmic device of claim 7 , wherein the periodicity is less than approximately 700 nm.
9. The ophthalmic device of claim 8 , additionally comprising:
an encapsulating lens skirt of hydrogel material.
10. The ophthalmic device of claim 9 , wherein at least a portion of the surface of the insert device is convex in shape.
11. The ophthalmic device of claim 7 , additionally comprising:
an encapsulating lens skirt of hydrogel material.
12. The ophthalmic device of claim 11 , additionally comprising:
stabilization features within the encapsulating lens skirt.
13. The ophthalmic device of claim 11 , wherein at least a portion of the surface of the insert device is concave in shape.
14. An ophthalmic device comprising:
an insert device
a plurality of metallic features arranged in a pattern on at least a portion of a surface of the insert device, wherein the metallic features are arranged in a repeating pattern whose periodicity is less than a distance equal to a targeted wavelength of light;
a dielectric layer upon the metallic features; and
immiscible fluids in proximity to the dielectric layer,
wherein at least one of the immiscible fluids includes one or more of a metallic nanosphere or a metallic nanorod.
15. The ophthalmic device of claim 14 , additionally comprising:
a layer on the dielectric layer that is free of energy and repels the immiscible fluid including the majority of metallic nanospheres or metallic nanorods.
16. The ophthalmic device of claim 15 , wherein an application of a voltage across the layer that is free of energy causes the layer to attract the immiscible fluid including the majority of metallic nanospheres or metallic nanorods.
17. The ophthalmic device of claim 16 , wherein the attraction of the immiscible fluid including the majority of metallic nanospheres or metallic nanorods creates collections of the metallic nanospheres or metallic nanorods to assume features that interact with incident light, wherein the shape and size of the features that interact with the incident light cause an approximate targeted phase shift in the incident light.
18. The ophthalmic device of claim 14 , additionally comprising:
ligands on the metallic nanosphere or the metallic nanorod.
19. The ophthalmic device of claim 14 , additionally comprising:
an encapsulating lens skirt of hydrogel material.
20. The ophthalmic device of claim 19 , additionally comprising:
stabilization features within the encapsulating lens skirt.
21. The ophthalmic device of claim 19 , wherein at least a portion of the surface of the insert device is concave in shape.
22. The ophthalmic device of claim 14 , wherein at least a portion of the surface of the insert device is convex in shape.