Underwater gas field development methods and systems
Underwater gas pressurization units and liquefaction systems, as well as pressurization and liquefaction methods and gas field development methods are provided. Gas is compressed hydraulically by seawater introduced into vessels and separated from the gas by a water immiscible liquid layer. Tall, possibly vertical helical vessels are used to reach a high compression ratio that lowers the liquefaction temperature. Cooling units are used to liquefy the compressed gas, possibly by a coolant which is itself pressurized by a similar mechanism. The coolant may be selected to be liquefied under surrounding seawater temperatures. The seawater which is used to pressurize the gas may be used after evacuation from the vessels to pressurize intrastratal gas in the production stages and broaden the gas field development.
1. An underwater gas pressurization unit comprising:
at least one vessel arranged to receive gas through a top of the vessel and seawater through a bottom of the vessel, the at least one vessel further comprising a layer of water-immiscible liquid separating between the gas and the seawater, wherein the water-immiscible liquid is selected to have a density which is intermediate between a density of the gas and a density of the seawater; and
a valve system arranged to pressurize the gas by, repeatedly, introducing the seawater into the vessel, evacuating the pressurized gas through the top of the vessel upon reaching a specified pressure and introducing gas into the vessel by evacuating the seawater through the bottom of the vessel,
wherein the underwater gas pressurization unit is configured to pressurize the gas continuously by the repeating of the seawater introduction, the pressurized gas evacuation, the gas introduction and the seawater evacuation,
wherein the water-immiscible liquid comprises aliphatic or aromatic organic compounds or their mixtures, has a density smaller than seawater and has a freezing temperature below −20° C., and
wherein the water-immiscible liquid is selected from: hexane, hexane isomers, heptane, heptane isomers, toluene, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof,
wherein the at least one vessel comprises at least one pair of vessels, in each of the at least one pair, the two paired vessels operate reciprocally—one of the vessels pressurizing gas while the other one of the vessels receiving gas.
2. The underwater gas pressurization unit of claim 1 , wherein the at least one vessel is shaped as a vertical helix.
3. An underwater natural gas liquefaction system, comprising the underwater gas pressurization unit of claim 1 , arranged to receive and pressurize natural gas from a natural gas production platform, and further comprising a cooling unit arranged to receive and liquefy the pressurized natural gas from the underwater gas pressurization unit.
4. The underwater natural gas liquefaction system of claim 3 , wherein the cooling unit comprises another underwater gas pressurization unit according to claim 1 , which is arranged to pressurize a coolant used in the cooling unit to liquefy the pressurized natural gas.
5. The underwater natural gas liquefaction system of claim 4 , wherein the coolant is selected to have a boiling point at atmospheric pressure which is lower than a condensation temperature of the compressed natural gas and a critical condensation temperature of the pressurized coolant which is higher than a temperature of ambient seawater.
6. The underwater natural gas liquefaction system of claim 5 , wherein the coolant is ethylene, and the underwater gas pressurization unit of the cooling unit is arranged to pressurize the ethylene to a pressure that enables ethylene liquefaction by cooling with ambient seawater.
7. The underwater natural gas liquefaction system of claim 3 , further comprising a seawater disposal unit arranged to dispose the seawater evacuated from the underwater gas pressurization units.
8. The underwater natural gas liquefaction system of claim 7 , wherein the seawater disposal unit is arranged to enable injection of the evacuated seawater into a pressurizing well associated with the natural gas production platform.