Electrically conductive article with high optical transmission
A transparent conductive article includes a transparent substrate, a thin electrically conductive grid, and a carbon nanolayer. The grid is disposed on the substrate, and the carbon nanolayer is also disposed on the substrate and in contact with the grid. The conductive grid and the carbon nanolayer may have thicknesses of no more than 1 micron and 50 nanometers, respectively. The carbon nanolayer has a morphology that includes graphite platelets embedded in nano-crystalline carbon, and can be produced with a buffing procedure using dry carbon particles without substantially damaging the grid structure. The article may have a visible light transmission of at least 80%, and a sheet resistance less than 500 or 100 ohms/square. The transparent substrate may comprise a flexible polymer film. The disclosed articles may substantially maintain an initial sheet resistance value when subjected to flexing.
1. A transparent conductive article, comprising:
a transparent substrate; and
an electrically conductive grid disposed on the substrate, wherein the grid has a thickness of no more than 1 micrometer and wherein the grid is composed of a material other than ITO and has a conductivity of at least 10 4 Siemens/meter; and
a carbon nanolayer disposed on the substrate and in contact with the grid, the carbon nanolayer having a thickness of no more than 50 nanometers;
wherein the carbon nanolayer has a morphology comprising graphite platelets embedded in nano-crystalline carbon.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article has a spatially averaged optical transmission of at least 80% at 550 nm.
3. The article of 1 , wherein the carbon nanolayer and the grid provide the article with a sheet resistance less than 50 ohms/square.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article is flexible, wherein the carbon nanolayer and the grid provide the article with a sheet resistance, and wherein the sheet resistance is substantially maintained upon subjecting the article to flexing characterized by a bending diameter of 1 cm.
5. The article of claim 4 , wherein, after 60 seconds of the flexing, the sheet resistance does not increase beyond two times an initial value of the sheet resistance.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the grid is disposed between the substrate and the carbon nanolayer.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanolayer is disposed between the substrate and the grid.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the grid is configured in a regular repeating pattern.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the grid has a percent open area of at least 90%.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the grid material comprises a metal selected from aluminum, silver, gold, copper, nickel, titanium, chromium, indium, and alloys thereof.
11. The article of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanolayer functions as an electric field spreading layer.
12. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article has a first dimension along a first in-plane axis of at least 1 meter, and the article has a second dimension along a second in-plane axis of at least 0.1 meter, the first and second in-plane axes being orthogonal.
13. A method of making a transparent conductive article, comprising:
providing a first substrate;
forming an electrically conductive grid on the substrate to provide an intermediate article, the grid having a thickness of no more than 1 micrometer and wherein the grid is composed of a material other than ITO and has a conductivity of at least 10 4 Siemens/meter;
applying a dry composition comprising carbon particles to the intermediate article; and
buffing the dry composition on the intermediate article to form a transparent carbon nanolayer that covers the grid and the substrate, while maintaining the grid's physical integrity,
wherein the carbon nanolayer has a morphology comprising graphite platelets embedded in nano-crystalline carbon.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first substrate comprises a transparent flexible film.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the carbon nanolayer has a thickness of no more than 50 nm.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first substrate comprises a release liner.
17. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
transferring the grid and the transparent carbon nanolayer from the first substrate to a second substrate.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the second substrate comprises a transparent flexible film.