Methods and compositions for producing foam
Provided are novel compositions for producing foam comprising a water-soluble polymer that is capable of self-hydrating. The present invention is also directed to methods for producing foam from compositions comprising a water-soluble polymer that is capable of self-hydrating.
1. A method of producing a foam composition comprising:
combining a non-aqueous polymer composition comprising a) about 75% to less than about 100% by weight of a surface treated water-soluble polymer, from greater than 0% to less than 25% by weight of a non-aqueous solvent based on the total weight of water-soluble polymer and non-aqueous solvent, wherein the water-soluble polymer is capable of self-hydrating and b) a dispersing agent comprising an acid and a carbonate, with water to form a polymer solution having a water-soluble polymer concentration of up to about 15 g/L, and subsequently, combining said polymer solution with foaming agents to produce a foam, wherein the polymer solution is formed without shear mixing.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer solution is capable of being stored for greater than one year wherein after such storage the polymer solution is capable of forming a foam upon addition of a foaming agent.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution has a water-soluble polymer concentration of between about 1 g/L and about 4 g/L.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition comprises greater than about 80% by weight of the water-soluble polymer, and up to about 20% by weight of the non-aqueous solvent based on the total weight of water-soluble polymer and non-aqueous solvent.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer solution attains maximum viscosity within 60 minutes, without mixing.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the foaming agents comprise one or more of solvents, surfactants, foam stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, or biocides.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the foaming agents are part of a commercially available concentrate comprising foaming agents or polymer and foaming agents.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the foaming agents do not include fluorochemical surfactants.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer solution is streamed through a hose and the foaming agents are educted into the streaming polymer solution.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer solution and foaming agents are combined prior to being streamed through a hose.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition is provided in a water-soluble container.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the water-soluble container is added to the water and dissolves to release said polymer into the water.
13. A method of extinguishing a fire comprising applying a foam produced according to the method of claim 1 to said fire.
14. A method of providing a biodegradable barrier over a landfill comprising applying a foam produced according to the method of claim 1 to said landfill.
15. A method of providing freeze protection to crops comprising applying a foam produced according to the method of claim 1 to said crops.
16. A method of providing a preventative barrier to protect against wildfires comprising applying a foam produced according to the method of claim 1 to the area sought to be protected.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble polymer is surface treated with glyoxal.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises greater than about 90% by weight and the non-aqueous solvent comprises from up to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of water-soluble polymer and non-aqueous solvent.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer is a xanthan gum.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent is an alkylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, alkylene or polyalkylene glycol mono ether, or combination thereof.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent is up to about 5% by weight based on the total weight of water-soluble polymer and non-aqueous solvent.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer is fully hydrated in the polymer solution prior to aeration.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of acid to carbonate is 1:3.
24. The method of claim 19 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent is an alkylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, alkylene or polyalkylene glycol mono ether, or combination thereof.