Graphene-based field-effect transistor biosensors
The disclosure provides a field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor and uses thereof. In particular, to FET-based biosensors using thermally reduced graphene-based sheets as a conducting channel decorated with nanoparticle-biomolecule conjugates. The present disclosure also relates to FET-based biosensors using metal nitride/graphene hybrid sheets. The disclosure provides a method for detecting a target biomolecule in a sample using the FET-based biosensor described herein.
1. A field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensor, the sensor comprising: a nanostructure, nanoparticles in contact with the nanostructure, and one or more biomolecules in contact with the nanoparticles, wherein the nanostructure comprises a reduced graphene oxide sheet; and wherein the nanoparticles comprise gold.
2. The FET-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructure comprises a thermally-reduced graphene oxide sheet.
3. The FET-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructure comprises a metal nitride/graphene nanohybrid sheet.
4. The FET-based sensor of claim 3 , wherein the metal nitride comprises titanium nitride (TiN), tantalum oxynitride (TaON) or gallium nitride (GaN).
5. The FET-based sensor of claim 4 , wherein the metal nitride/graphene nanohybrid sheet comprises nitrogen-doped graphene (NG).
6. The FET-based sensor of claim 4 , wherein the metal nitride/graphene nanohybrid sheet comprises TiN/NG.
7. The FET-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the biomolecule is selected from the group consisting of an DNA, protein, bacteria, virus, or fungi.
8. The FET-based sensor of claim 7 , wherein the protein is one of an enzyme, a substrate, an antigen, an antibody, a ligand, an aptamer and a receptor.
9. The FET-based sensor of claim 8 , wherein the protein comprises an antibody.
10. The FET-based sensor of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is in contact with the nanostructure by non-covalent bonding.
11. The FET-based sensor of claim 10 , wherein the nanoparticle is in contact with the nanostructure by van der Waal forces.
12. A method of detecting a target biomolecule in a sample, the method comprising:
(a) contacting the FET-based sensor of claim 1 with a sample containing or suspected of containing the target biomolecule; and
(b) monitoring a change in an electrical characteristic.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the change in an electrical characteristic as a function of time indicates the presence of the target biomolecule.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the electrical characteristic is selected from the group consisting of conductance, capacitance, potential, resistance, and inductance.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the sample is a gas sample or a liquid sample.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the method detects a target biomolecule selected from the group consisting of an enzyme, a substrate, an antigen, an antibody, a ligand, an aptamer, a receptor, a nucleic acid, and a microorganism.
17. A method of making the FET-based sensor of claim 1 , the method comprising:
depositing the one or more nanoparticles conjugated with the one or more proteins onto the nanostructure.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the one or more nanoparticles are deposited onto the nanostructure using electrospray and electrostatic force directed assembly (ESFDA) or drop-casting.
19. A field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensor, the sensor comprising: a nanostructure, nanoparticles electronically coupled to the nanostructure, and one or more probe molecules in contact with the nanoparticles, wherein the nanostructure comprises a reduced graphene oxide sheet, and wherein the nanoparticles comprise gold.