Optical sensor arrangement including different scan times through a frequency interval for first and second light sources

1. An optical sensor arrangement for measuring an observable comprising:

at least one light source for generating a first light component of a first frequency comprising a first mode and a second light component of a second frequency comprising a second mode orthogonal to said first mode;

an optical resonator having differing optical lengths for the first and second modes within a frequency interval including the first and second frequencies, at least one of the optical lengths being variable depending on the observable and a dependence of the respective optical length on the observable being different for said first and second modes,

wherein the at least one light source is optically coupled to the optical resonator for feeding the first and second light components into the optical resonator, and the at least one light source comprises a first light source for generating the first light component and a second light source for generating the second light component, the first and second light sources being coupled to the optical resonator and being independently tunable of each other;

a detector unit being coupled to the optical resonator for coupling out the light components and being configured for detecting a frequency difference between a resonance frequency of the optical resonator for the first mode and a resonance frequency of the optical resonator for the second mode;

a mode converter arrangement situated between the optical resonator and the detector unit, the mode converter arrangement configured to rotate the first and/or second mode such that the modes comprise components in a matching direction; and

a control unit for controlling the at least one light source and/or the optical resonator, the control unit configured such that a scan time through the entire frequency interval is different for the first and second light sources, and the scan time of the first light source is at least five times the scan time of the second light source.

2. The optical sensor arrangement of claim 1 wherein the control unit preferably tunes the at least one light source through said frequency interval.

3. The optical sensor arrangement of claim 1 wherein the mode converter arrangement is configured to rotate the first and/or second modes such that both modes comprise components in a matching transversal direction.

4. The optical sensor arrangement of claim 3 wherein the mode converter arrangement comprises a polarization rotator and a polarization splitter.

5. The optical sensor arrangement of claim 1 wherein the first and second modes are different polarizations of light or orthogonal TEM modes of light.

6. The optical sensor arrangement of claim 1 wherein the optical resonator is at least partially covered with an active layer of covering material for selectively adsorbing a group of substances comprising a substance to be detected and wherein the covering material is configured such that at least one of the resonance frequencies is shifted when the substance contacts the active layer.

7. The optical sensor arrangement of claim 1 wherein the detector unit comprises a photo detector and/or an electronic spectrometer and/or wherein the detector unit is configured for determining said frequency difference as a beat frequency of a superposition of the first light component and the second light component.

8. The optical sensor arrangement of claim 1 wherein the optical resonator is a ring resonator or a Fabry-Perot resonator.

9. The optical sensor arrangement of claim 1 wherein the at least one light source is coupled to the optical resonator through at least one optical path comprising an optical waveguide.

10. The optical sensor arrangement of claim 1 wherein a coupler is situated before or behind the optical resonator.

11. A method for measuring an observable by means of an optical sensor arrangement, the method comprising:

coupling light of a first light source of a first frequency comprising a first mode into an optical resonator;

coupling light of a second light source of a second frequency comprising a second mode into the optical resonator, wherein the second mode is orthogonal to the first mode and the optical resonator having differing optical lengths for the first and second modes within a frequency interval including the first and second frequencies, at least one of the optical lengths being variable depending on the observable and a dependence of the respective optical length on the observable being different for the first and second modes;

changing the first and second frequencies such that a scan time through an entire frequency interval is different for the first and second light sources, and the scan time of the first light source is at least five times the scan time of the second light source;

detecting a frequency difference between the resonance frequency of the first and second mode; and

coupling the light of the first and/or second frequency to a mode converter arrangement situated behind the optical resonator, the mode converter arrangement configured to rotate the first and/or second mode such that the modes comprise components in a matching direction.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the light of the first and the light of the second frequency is coupled to the optical resonator simultaneously.