Generating perspective views in microscopy

1. A microscope, comprising:

a light source;

a condenser;

a sample stage;

an objective;

a light detector configured for acquiring a plurality of perspective images at a plurality of different perspective angles, wherein the microscope defines an illumination light path from the light source, through the condenser and to the sample stage, and a detection light path from the sample stage, through the objective and to the light detector; and

a spatial light modulator configured for adjusting the perspective angle of a view imaged at the light detector, wherein the spatial light modulator is positioned at a pupil plane or an equivalent conjugate plane thereof in the illumination light path or in the detection light path.

2. The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the spatial light modulator is positioned at a pupil plane of the condenser or an equivalent conjugate plane thereof, or at a pupil plane of the objective or an equivalent conjugate plane thereof.

3. The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a plate having an adjustable aperture and movable along an axis, a digital micromirror device, a liquid crystal on silicon device, or an electrostatic microshutter device.

4. The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a plate having an aperture and movable along an axis, and wherein a shape, a size, or both the shape and the size of the aperture are adjustable.

5. The microscope of claim 1 , comprising a computing device comprising a configuration selected from the group consisting of:

a configuration for displaying a selected one or more of the acquired perspective images on a display device;

a configuration for controlling adjustments made by the spatial light modulator according to an automated sequence, wherein the plurality of perspective images are acquired according to the automated sequence;

a configuration for generating a three-dimensional image from the plurality of perspective images acquired by the light detector; and

a combination of two or more of the foregoing.

6. The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the light source is a lamp, a laser, a laser diode, or a light emitting diode.

7. The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the light detector is a charge-coupled device or an active-pixel sensor.

8. The microscope of claim 1 , comprising a relay lens system between the spatial light modulator and the condenser.

9. The microscope of claim 1 , comprising a relay lens system between the objective and the spatial light modulator.

10. The microscope of claim 1 , comprising a user-operated input device comprising a configuration selected from the group consisting of:

a configuration for controlling adjustments made by the spatial light modulator;

a configuration for selecting one or more of the acquired perspective images for display on a display device; and

both of the foregoing.

11. A method for acquiring perspective images of a sample, the method comprising:

illuminating the sample by directing illumination light along an illumination light path from a light source, through a condenser, and to the sample;

acquiring a plurality of perspective images of the sample by directing detection light along a detection light path from the sample, through an objective, and to a light detector; and

while acquiring, adjusting a spatial light modulator such that the plurality of perspective images acquired comprises different perspective images acquired at different perspective angles of view of the sample, wherein the spatial light modulator is positioned at a pupil plane or an equivalent conjugate plane thereof in the illumination light path or in the detection light path.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the spatial light modulator is positioned at a pupil plane of the condenser or an equivalent conjugate plane thereof, such that adjusting the spatial light modulator adjusts an angle at which light is directed to the sample.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the spatial light modulator is positioned at a pupil plane of the objective or an equivalent conjugate plane thereof, such that adjusting the spatial light modulator adjusts an angle at which light is directed to the light detector.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein adjusting the spatial light modulator is selected from the group consisting of: moving a plate having an aperture along an axis; moving one or more micromirrors of a digital micromirror device; activating one or more pixels of a liquid crystal on silicon device; and opening one or more microshutters of an electrostatic microshutter device.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a plate having an aperture, and further comprising adjusting a shape and a size of the aperture.

16. The method of claim 11 , comprising generating three-dimensional images of the sample, depth maps of the sample, or both of the foregoing, from the plurality of perspective images acquired.

17. The method of claim 11 , wherein adjusting the spatial light modulator comprises a step selected from the group consisting of:

operating an input device to select different perspective images of the sample;

controlling adjustments made by the spatial light modulator according to an automated sequence, wherein the plurality of perspective images are acquired according to the automated sequence; and

both of the foregoing.

18. The method of claim 11 , comprising displaying the different perspective images acquired on a display device.

19. The method of claim 18 , comprising operating an input device to select different perspective images for display on the display device.

20. A microscope configured for performing the method of claim 11 .