Reverse driving pulses in electrophoretic displays
An electrophoretic medium comprises a fluid and at least one species of particles disposed, When a first addressing impulse is applied to the medium, the first species of particles move in one direction relative to the electric field, but when a second addressing impulse, larger than the first addressing impulse, is applied to the medium, the first species of particles move in the opposed direction relative to the electric field.
1. A method of driving an electrophoretic medium comprising a fluid and at least a first species of particles disposed in the fluid, the method comprising:
(a) applying a first addressing impulse to the medium, thereby causing the first species of particles to move in one direction relative to the electric field; and
(b) applying a second addressing impulse, larger than the first addressing impulse but having the same polarity, to the medium, thereby causing the first species of particles to move in the opposed direction relative to the electric field;
wherein the electrophoretic medium comprises second and third species of particles having colors different from the first species of particles and from each other, the second and third species of particles bearing charges of opposite polarities and the first species of particles bearing a charge of the same polarity as the third species of particles, the method comprising:
(a) applying the first addressing impulse in one direction, thereby causing one surface of the electrophoretic medium displays the color of the third species of particle;
(b) applying first addressing impulse in the opposed direction, thereby causing said one surface of the display to display a mixture of the colors of the first and second particles;
(c) applying the second addressing impulse in said one direction, thereby causing said one surface to display a mixture of the colors of the first and third particles; and
(d) applying the second addressing impulse in the opposed direction, thereby causing said one surface to display the color of the second particles.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the fluid is colored and the electrophoretic medium comprises a second species of particles having a color different from the first species of particles, and wherein the second species of particles move in the same direction relative to the electric field under both the first and second addressing impulses.
3. The method according to claim 1 further comprising applying to the medium a third addressing impulse greater than the second addressing impulse, thereby causing the first, second and third particles all to travel in the same direction relative to the electric field.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein step (b) is effected by applying to electrophoretic medium a waveform comprising a series of short voltage pulses of one polarity, each except the last of the short voltage pulses being followed by a longer voltage pulse of the opposite polarity.