Display elements
A electrically actuable display element comprises a substrate, a display surface and an electrically actuable element disposed between the substrate and the display surface and electrically actuable so as to bring a portion thereof into proximity or contact with the display surface and thereby change the display state of the display element.
1. A display element, comprising an electrically actuable element arranged to provide visual, touch-sensitive and tactile functions, comprising:
a substrate;
a substantially transparent, flexible display surface; and
the electrically actuable element disposed between the substrate and the display surface within a cell containing substantially opaque fluid, and electrically actuable so as to vary a separation between a portion of the electrically actuable element and the display surface and thereby vary a thickness of fluid therebetween so as to change a display state of the display element;
wherein the electrically actuable element is arranged to sense pressure on the display surface when brought into contact therewith; and
wherein the portion of the electrically actuable element is arranged to be brought into proximity or contact with the display surface so as to distort the display surface to provide tactile output.
2. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is electrically conductive, and arranged to provide an electrical contact to the electrically actuable element.
3. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the electrically actuable element includes a piezoelectric element.
4. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the electrically actuable element includes a thermally expandable element and a heater.
5. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the electrically actuable element is optically reflective.
6. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the electrically actuable element is fluorescent.
7. The display element of claim 6 , wherein the display surface is arranged to guide ultraviolet light onto said portion.
8. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the electrically actuable element is arranged to detect a level of pressure applied thereto.
9. A display system to provide visual, touch-sensitive and tactile functions, comprising:
an array of individually electrically addressable display elements;
a substrate; and
a substantially transparent, flexible display surface;
wherein each electrically actuable element is disposed between the substrate and the display surface within a respective cell containing substantially opaque fluid, and electrically actuable so as to vary a separation between a portion of the electrically actuable element and the display surface and thereby vary a thickness of fluid therebetween so as to change a display state of the display element;
wherein each electrically actuable element is arranged to sense pressure on the display surface when brought into contact therewith; and
wherein the portion of the each electrically actuable element is arranged to be brought into proximity or contact with the display surface so as to distort the display surface to provide tactile output.