Nonaqueous electrolyte battery, battery pack and vehicle
A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The negative electrode contains a titanium-containing oxide. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains a compound having a functional group represented by the formula (1) below and a sultone having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group. [Chem.]
1. A nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode containing a titanium-containing oxide; and
a nonaqueous electrolyte consisting of (a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, tris(triethylsilyl) phosphate, tris(vinyldimethylsilyl) phosphate, bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl phosphate, bis(trimethylsilyl)ethyl phosphate, bis(trimethylsilyl)-n-propyl phosphate, bis(trimethylsilyl)-i-propyl phosphate, bis(trimethylsilyl)-n-butyl phosphate, bis(trimethylsilyl)trichloroethyl phosphate, bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroethyl phosphate, bis(trimethylsilyl)pentafluoropropyl phosphate, bis(trimethylsilyl)phenyl phosphate, dimethyltrimethylsilyl phosphate, diethyltrimethylsilyl phosphate, di-n-propyltrimethylsilyl phosphate, di-i-propyltrimethylsilyl phosphate, di-n-butyltrimethylsilyl phosphate, bis(trichloroethyl)trimethylsilyl phosphate, bis(trifluoroethyl)trimethylsilyl phosphate, bis(pentafluoropropyl)trimethylsilyl phosphate and diphenyltrimethylsilyl phosphate and (b) a sultone having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an organic solvent and an electrolyte dissolved in the organic solvent, wherein
the organic solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxolan, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, γ-butyrolactone, acetonitrile and sulfolane,
the concentration of (a) in the nonaqueous electrolyte is from 0.1 to 10% by weight, and
the concentration of (b) in the nonaqueous electrolyte is from 0.1 to 2% by weight.
2. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the sultone is at least one of 1,3-propene sultone and 1,4-butene sultone.
3. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one compound is tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate.
4. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the sultone in the nonaqueous electrolyte is from 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, and a content of the compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte is from 1 to 5% by weight.
5. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium-containing oxide has a spinel structure.
6. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode contains particles of lithium-transition metal composite oxide and an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Zr, B, Ti and Ga, the oxide coating at least a part of a surface of the particles of lithium-transition metal composite oxide.
7. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein a diameter distribution of pores of the negative electrode when measured by mercury porosimetry has a first peak having a mode diameter of 0.01 to 0.2 μm, and
a volume of pores having a diameter of 0.01 to 0.2 μm, which is measured by the mercury porosimetry, is 0.05 to 0.5 mL, per g of the negative electrode excluding a current collector.
8. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein a diameter distribution of pores of the negative electrode when measured by mercury porosimetry has a second peak having a mode diameter of 0.003 to 0.02 μm, and
a volume of pores having a diameter of 0.003 to 0.02 μm, which is measured by the mercury porosimetry, is 0.0001 to 0.02 mL, per g of the negative electrode excluding a current collector.
9. A battery pack comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 .
10. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein the sultone is at least one of 1,3-propene sultone and 1,4-butene sultone.
11. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one compound is tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate.
12. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein the sultone is 1,3-propene sultone and the at least one compound is tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate.
13. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein a content of the sultone in the nonaqueous electrolyte is from 0.1 to 2% by weight, and a content of the compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte is from 0.1 to 10% by weight.
14. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein a content of the sultone in the nonaqueous electrolyte is from 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, and a content of the compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte is from 1 to 5% by weight.
15. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein the titanium-containing oxide has a spinel structure.
16. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein the organic solvent is two or more solvents selected from the group consisting of diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and γ-butyrolactone.
17. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein the organic solvent contains γ-butyrolactone.
18. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein the positive electrode contains particles of lithium-transition metal composite oxide and an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Zr, B, Ti and Ga, the oxide coating at least a part of a surface of the particles of lithium-transition metal composite oxide.
19. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein a diameter distribution of pores of the negative electrode when measured by mercury porosimetry has a first peak having a mode diameter of 0.01 to 0.2μ, and
a volume of pores having a diameter of 0.01 to 0.2 μm, which is measured by the mercury porosimetry, is 0.05 to 0.5 mL, per g of the negative electrode excluding a current collector.
20. The battery pack according to claim 9 , wherein a diameter distribution of pores of the negative electrode when measured by mercury porosimetry has a second peak having a mode diameter of 0.003 to 0.02 μm, and
a volume of pores having a diameter of 0.003 to 0.02 μm, which is measured by the mercury porosimetry, is 0.0001 to 0.02 mL, per g of the negative electrode excluding a current collector.
21. A vehicle comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 .
22. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein a coating film is formed on a surface of the negative electrode, and is stabilized by a decomposition of the sultone in the presence of (a).