Methods, apparatuses, and systems for micromanipulation with adhesive fibrillar structures

1. A method of using micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to manipulate a first part, comprising the steps of:

providing a manipulation device with a plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers,

wherein each micro- and/or nano-scale fiber has a tip with a flat surface that is parallel to a backing layer,

wherein each micro- and/or nano-scale fiber is perpendicular to the backing layer;

contacting the first part with the flat surface of one or more tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to form contacted tips;

picking up the first part and maneuvering it from a first position to a second position;

reducing a contact area of each contacted tip of the contacted tips with the first part by displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers towards the first part to cause the fiber to deform and the contacted tips to peel away from the first part; and

retracting the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers away from the first part to release the first part from the manipulation device.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the micro- and/or nano-scale fibers have a pick-to-release adhesive force ratio of about 1 to 1 up to about 100,000 to 1.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting the first part with the flat surface of one or more tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers further comprises compressing the micro- and/or nano-scale fibers by about 1 nm up to about 100 mm of compressive displacement.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein reducing a contact area of each contacted tip of the contacted tips with the first part further comprises:

laterally shearing the contacted tips of the micro- and/or nano-scale fibers.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting the first part with the flat surface of one or more tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to form contacted tips and the step of displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers further comprise the step of emitting monochromatic green light with a corresponding optical filter to visualize tip contact geometry and contact area of the tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers.

6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of contacting a second part with the flat surface of one or more non-contacted tips of the micro- and/or nano-scale fibers.

7. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising simultaneously maneuvering the first and second parts in position of a release location.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of picking up the first part further comprises the step of retracting the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers at a retraction speed about 1 nanometer/second up to about 1 meter/second.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers comprises vertically displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers.

10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers comprises laterally displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers.

11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers comprises vertically and laterally displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers.

12. A method of using micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to manipulate a first part, comprising the steps of:

providing a manipulation device with a plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers,

wherein each micro- and/or nano-scale fiber has a tip with a flat surface that is parallel to a backing layer,

wherein each micro- and/or nano-scale fiber is perpendicular to the backing layer;

contacting the first part with the flat surface of one or more tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to form contacted tips, wherein a pull-off force is increased;

picking up the first part and maneuvering it from a first position to a second position;

displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers towards the first part to cause the fibers to deform and the contacted tips to peel away from the first part, thereby forcing the contacted tips into a release state, whereby the pull-off force is reduced; and

retracting the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers away from the first part to release the first part from the manipulation device.

13. The method according to claim 12 wherein the micro- and/or nano-scale fibers have a maximum pick-to-release adhesive force ratio of from about 1 to 1 up to about 100,000 to 1.

14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the step of contacting the first part with the flat surface of one or more tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers further comprises compressing the micro- and/or nano-scale fibers by about 1 nm up to about 100 mm of compressive displacement.

15. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the step of contacting the first part with the flat surface of one or more tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to form contacted tips and the step of forcing the contacted tips into a release state further comprise the step of emitting monochromatic green light to visualize tip contact geometry and contact area of the tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers.

16. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising the step of contacting a second part with the flat surface of one or more non-contacted tips of the micro- and/or nano-scale fibers.

17. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising simultaneously maneuvering the first and second parts in position of a release location.

18. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the step of picking up the first part further comprises the step of retracting the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers at a retraction speed about 1 nanometer/second up to about 1 meter/second.

19. The method according to claim 12 , wherein forcing the contacted tips into a release state comprises peeling the contacted tips from the first part.

20. A method of using micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to manipulate a first part relative to a second part, comprising the steps of:

providing a manipulation device with a plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers,

wherein each micro- and/or nano-scale fiber has a tip with a flat surface that is parallel to a backing layer,

wherein each micro- and/or nano-scale fiber is perpendicular to the backing layer;

contacting the first part with the flat surface of one or more tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to form a first set of contacted tips;

picking up the first part and maneuvering it in position of the second part;

contacting the second part with the flat surface of one or more non-contacted tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to form a second set of contacted tips;

picking up the second part and simultaneously maneuvering the first and second parts in position of a release location;

reducing a contact area of the first and second sets of the contacted tips by displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers towards the first or second parts to cause the fibers to deform and the first and second sets of contacted tips to peel away from the first part and second part; and

retracting the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers away from the first and second parts to release the first and second parts from the manipulation device.

21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the step of picking up the first part and maneuvering it in position of the second part further comprises the step of retracting the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers at a retraction speed about 1 nanometer/second up to about 1 meter/second.

22. A method of using micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to manipulate a first part relative to a second part, comprising the steps of:

providing a manipulation device with a plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers,

wherein each micro- and/or nano-scale fiber has a tip with a flat surface that is parallel to a backing layer,

wherein each micro- and/or nano-scale fiber is perpendicular to the backing layer;

contacting the first part with the flat surface of one or more tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to form a first set of contacted tips, wherein a pull-off force of the first set of contacted tips is increased;

picking up the first part and maneuvering it in position of the second part;

contacting the second part with the flat surface of one or more non-contacted tips of the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers to form a second set of contacted tips, wherein a pull-off force of the second set of contacted tips is increased;

picking up the second part and simultaneously maneuvering the first and second parts in position of a release location;

displacing the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers towards the first part or the second part to cause the fibers to deform and the contacted tips to peel away from the first part, thereby forcing the contacted tips into a release state, whereby the pull-off force of the first set of contacted tips and the pull-off force of the second set of contacted tips are reduced; and

retracting the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers away from the first and the second parts to release the first and second parts from the manipulation device.

23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the step of picking up the first part and maneuvering it in position of the second part further comprises the step of retracting the plurality of micro- and/or nano-scale fibers at a retraction speed about 1 nanometer/second up to about 1 meter/second.