Nitroso compounds as nitroxyl donors and methods of use thereof

1. A compound having the formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

wherein:

X is O, NR 4 , CR 5 R 6 , S, S(O) or S(O) 2 ;

Y is CR 5 R 6 or CR 5 R 6 —CR 7 R 8 ;

Z is CR 5 R 6 or a bond, provided that when X is CR 5 R 6 , Z is CR 5 R 6 ;

R 4 is H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 8 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, or sulfonyl;

each R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 11a , R 11b , R 12a , and R 12b is independently H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl, halo, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or is taken together with a geminal R group to form a carbonyl moiety, or is taken together with a vicinal R group to form a bond, or is taken together with another R group to form a ring;

D is selected from:

(i) the group consisting of C 1 -C 8 alkyl-C(O)—, C 1 -C 8 perhaloalkyl-C(O)—, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl-C(O)—, C 2 -C 10 alkynyl-C(O)—, C 6 -C 14 aryl-C(O)—, C 5 -C 6 heteroaryl-C(O)—, C 5 -C 6 heterocyclyl-C(O)— and —P(O)(OC 1 -C 8 alkyl) 2 ; and

each alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, oxo, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, acyloxy, acylamino, amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxyl-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, thiol, thio-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 5 -C 6 heterocyclyl, and —OS(O) 2 —C 1 -C 8 alkyl; and

each aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, oxo, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 alkoxyl, acyl, acylamino, amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxyl-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, thiol, thio-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 5 -C 6 heterocyclyl, and —OS(O) 2 —C 1 -C 8 alkyl; and

(ii) a moiety of the formula:

provided that the compound is other than 1-nitrosocycloheptyl acetate, 1-nitrosocycloheptyl benzoate, 9-nitrosobicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl acetate or 8-methyl-3-nitroso-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl acetate; and

(i) when the X—Y—Z ring is an unsubstituted 6-membered carbocyclic moiety, D is other than n-alkyl-C(O)—, ClCH 2 —C(O)—, CCl 3 —C(O)—, CF 3 —C(O)—, (CH 3 ) 3 C—C(O)—, alkenyl-C(O)—, substituted alkenyl-C(O)—, unsubstituted aryl-C(O)—, mono-substituted aryl-C(O)— or an NSAID moiety;

(ii) when the X—Y—Z ring is a substituted 6-membered carbocyclic moiety, the substituted 6-membered carbocyclic moiety is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring that is substituted with a moiety other than alkyl, nitroso, acyl, oxime, and substituted alkenyl; and

(iii) when the X—Y—Z ring is an unsubstituted or substituted 6-membered heterocyclic moiety, the 6-membered heterocyclic moiety is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring other than acyloxy-substituted tetrahydropyan.

2. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is O, NR 4 , S, S(O) or S(O) 2 .

3. A compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D is selected from the group consisting of alkyl-C(O)—, substituted alkyl-C(O)—, perhaloalkyl-C(O)—, alkenyl-C(O)—, substituted alkenyl-C(O)—, alkynyl-C(O)—, substituted alkynyl-C(O)—, aryl-C(O)—, substituted aryl-C(O)—, heteroaryl-C(O)—, substituted heteroaryl-C(O)—, and heterocyclyl-C(O)—.

4. A compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D is P(O)(OC 1 -C 8 alkyl) 2 .

5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein D is a structure of the formula:

6. The compound of claim 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is O.

7. The compound of claim 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is NR 4 .

8. The compound of claim 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is S.

9. A compound having the formula III:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

X is O, NR 4 , CR 5 R 6 , S, S(O) or S(O) 2 ;

R 4 is H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 8 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, or sulfonyl;

each R 5 , R 6 , R 11a , R 11b , R 12a , R 12b , R 13a , R 13b , R 14a and R 14b is independently H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl, halo, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cyano or nitro, or is taken together with a geminal R group to form a carbonyl moiety, or is taken together with a vicinal R group to form a bond when X is CR 5 R 6 , or is taken together with another R group to form a ring;

D is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 8 alkyl-C(O)—, C 1 -C 8 perhaloalkyl-C(O)—, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl-C(O)—, C 2 -C 10 alkynyl-C(O)—, C 6 -C 14 aryl-C(O)—, C 5 -C 6 heteroaryl-C(O)—, C 5 -C 6 heterocyclyl-C(O)— and —P(O)(OC 1 -C 8 alkyl) 2 ; and

each alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, oxo, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, acyloxy, acylamino, amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxyl-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, thiol, thio-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 5 -C 6 heterocyclyl, and —OS(O) 2 —C 1 -C 8 alkyl; and

each aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, oxo, C 6 -C 14 aryl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 alkoxyl, acyl, acylamino, amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxyl-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, thiol, thio-C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 5 -C 6 heterocyclyl, and —OS(O) 2 —C 1 -C 8 alkyl;

provided that the compound is other than 9-nitrosobicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl acetate or 8-methyl-3-nitroso-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl acetate; and

(i) when the X-ring is an unsubstituted 6-membered carbocyclic moiety, D is other than n-alkyl-C(O)—, ClCH 2 —C(O)—, CCl 3 —C(O)—, CF 3 —C(O)—, (CH 3 ) 3 C—C(O)—, alkenyl-C(O)—, substituted alkenyl-C(O)—, unsubstituted aryl-C(O)—, mono-substituted aryl-C(O)— or an NSAID moiety;

(ii) when the X-ring is a substituted 6-membered carbocyclic moiety, the substituted 6-membered carbocyclic moiety is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring that is substituted with a moiety other than alkyl, nitroso, acyl, oxime, and substituted alkenyl; and

(iii) when the X-ring is an unsubstituted or substituted 6-membered heterocyclic moiety, the 6-membered heterocyclic moiety is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring other than dioxane or acyloxy-substituted tetrahydropyan.

10. A compound of claim 9 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is O, NR 4 , S, S(O) or S(O) 2 .

11. A compound of claim 9 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is O.

12. A compound of claim 9 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X is NR 4 .

13. A compound of claim 9 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having the formula V:

14. A compound of claim 13 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 5 , R 6 , R 11a , R 11b , R 12a , R 12b , R 13a , R 13b , R 14a and R 14b is H.

15. A compound of claim 13 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein D is a moiety of the formula:

16. A compound selected from:

(S)-4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 2-acetamido-3-phenylpropanoate (Compound 23);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 2-benzamidoacetate (Compound 31);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 2-acetamidopropanoate (Compound 32);

1-Methyl 4-(4-nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)N-[(benzyloxy)-carbonyl]aspartate (Compound 37);

1-tert-Butyl 4-(4-nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)aspartate (Compound 38);

2-(Methyl(2-(4-nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yloxy)-2-oxoethyl)amino)-propane-1,3-diyl diacetate (Compound 40);

2-(N-(2-(4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yloxy)-2-oxoethyl)acetamido)propane-1,3-diyl diacetate (Compound 41);

4-Nitrosooxan-4-yl (2R)-2-{[tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-propanoate (Compound 47);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate (Compound 51);

4-nitrosooxan-4-yl 2-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-tetrakis(acetyloxy)oxan-2-yl]acetate (Compound 55);

4-nitrosooxan-4-yl 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate (Compound 56);

4-nitrosooxan-4-yl (2E)-2,3,4,5,6-pentakis-(acetyloxy)hex-2-enoate (Compound 57); and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

17. A compound selected from:

1-Methyl-4-nitrosopiperidin-4-yl acetate (Compound 1);

1-Acetyl-4-nitrosopiperidin-4-yl acetate (Compound 3);

3-Nitro s otetrahydrothiophen-3-yl acetate (Compound 5);

1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethyl-4-nitrosopiperidin-4-yl acetate (Compound 7);

1-Nitrosocyclohexyl 2,4-dichlorobenzoate (Compound 9);

1-Nitrosocyclohexyl isobutyrate (Compound 10);

1-Methyl-4-nitrosopiperidin-4-yl 2,4-difluorobenzoate (Compound 12);

1-Nitrosocyclohexyl 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetate (Compound 13);

1-Nitrosocyclohexyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methyl butanoate (Compound 14);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (Compound 15);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate (Compound 16);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate (Compound 17);

1-Nitrosocyclohexyl 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoate (Compound 18);

1-Nitrosocyclohexyl 2-cyanoacetate (Compound 19);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 2,2,2-trichloroacetate (Compound 20);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoate (Compound 21);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetate (Compound 22);

1-Methyl-4-nitrosopiperidin-4-yl pivalate (Compound 28);

1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethyl-4-nitrosopiperidin-4-yl pivalate (Compound 29);

8-Methyl-3-nitroso-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl acetate (Compound 39);

4-Nitrosotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl 4-(acetyloxy)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]but-2-enoate (Compound 48);

1-Methyl-4-nitrosopiperidin-4-yl 4-(acetyloxy)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]butanoate (Compound 49);

1-Methyl-4-nitrosopiperidin-4-yl 3,5-difluorobenzoate (Compound 53);

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 18 wherein the composition is amenable to parenteral administration.

20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a compound according to claim 9 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20 wherein the composition is amenable to parenteral administration.

22. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a compound according to claim 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

23. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 22 wherein the composition is amenable to parenteral administration.

24. A method of treating a condition selected from the group consisting of coronary obstructions, coronary artery disease (CAD), angina, heart attack, myocardial infarction, high blood pressure, ischemic cardiomyopathy and infarction, diastolic heart failure, pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema, cardiac fibrosis, valvular heart disease, pericardial disease, circulatory congestive states, peripheral edema, ascites, Chagas' disease, ventricular hypertrophy, heart valve disease, heart failure, congestive heart failure, acute congestive heart failure, acute decompensated heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, the method comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to any one of claims 1 , 9 , 16 or 17 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein the condition is heart failure.

26. The method of claim 24 wherein the condition is ischemia/reperfusion injury.