Methods and apparatus for network synchronization

1. A method for wireless communications by a base station, comprising:

acquiring synchronization with a network based on a first synchronization signal transmitted from a primary base station or a secondary base station;

determining a synchronization stratum for the base station based on whether the base station acquired synchronization with the network from the primary base station or from the secondary base station;

signaling to one or more user equipments (UEs) that a first subframe is an uplink (UL) subframe;

refraining from scheduling the one or more UEs for at least one UL transmission during the first subframe; and

transmitting a second synchronization signal during the first subframe for one or more other base stations to use for acquiring synchronization with the network, wherein the transmitting is based, at least in part, on the determined synchronization stratum.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal each comprise at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a cell-specific reference signal, a new cell discovery signal or low duty cycle signal for network listening.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein acquiring synchronization with the network based on the first synchronization signal transmitted from the primary base station or the secondary base station comprises:

signaling to the one or more UEs that a second subframe is an UL subframe;

refraining from scheduling any random access channel (RACH) transmissions or UL transmission during the second subframe; and

listening for the first synchronization signal transmitted on the downlink during the second subframe for acquiring the synchronization with the network.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmitting comprises determining a duty cycle for transmitting the second synchronization signal based, at least in part, on the determined synchronization stratum.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein base stations with different synchronization stratums transmit non-overlapping synchronization signals.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the synchronization stratum is determined based on a number of hops between the base station and the primary base station, wherein synchronization stratum is proportional to the number of hops; and

a base station with a lower synchronization stratum transmits synchronization signals more frequently than a base station with a higher synchronization stratum.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein base stations with different synchronization stratums transmit at least partially overlapping synchronization signals.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmitting comprises performing single frequency network (SFN) transmission with one or more base stations of the same stratum.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the SFN transmission is at least one of subframe dependent or location dependent.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base station comprises at least one of a home eNode B, a Pico base station, a femto base station, or a relay base station.

11. A method for wireless communications by a base station, comprising:

acquiring synchronization with a network in which carrier aggregation (CA) is supported, based on a synchronization signal transmitted from a primary base station or a secondary base station;

selecting an anchor carrier for transmitting a second synchronization signal for one or more other base stations to use for acquiring synchronization with the network; and

transmitting the second synchronization signal on the anchor carrier, wherein the second synchronization signal comprises a discovery signal.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the anchor carrier comprises a carrier where at least one of cell-specific reference signals (CRSs) or some other downlink (DL) signals are monitored.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein selecting the anchor carrier comprises selecting a carrier on which a repeater is not deployed.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising determining a repeater is deployed on a carrier based on a backhaul or an over-the-air (OTA) exchange with another base station.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the base station comprises at least one of a home eNode B, a Pico base station, a femto base station, or a relay base station.

16. A method for wireless communications by a base station, comprising:

acquiring synchronization with a network, based on a first synchronization signal transmitted from a primary base station or a secondary base station; and

transmitting one or more bursts of second synchronization signals for one or more other base stations to use for acquiring synchronization with the network, wherein the one or more bursts are transmitted persistently with a relatively low duty cycle, and wherein transmitting the one or more bursts of second synchronization signals includes transmitting the one or more bursts of second synchronization signals even when the base station is in a dormant or off mode.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more bursts of second synchronization signals at least partially overlap with one or more bursts of third synchronization signals from a different base station.

18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising boosting transmission power for transmitting the one or more bursts of second synchronization signals, relative to transmission power for other signals.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more bursts of second synchronization signals include one or more signals that are intended for at least one of a user equipment or another base station.

20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the base station comprises at least one of a home eNode B, a Pico base station, a femto base station, or a relay base station.

21. The method of claim 16 , wherein the second synchronization signal comprises a discovery signal.

22. The method of claim 16 , wherein the second synchronization signal comprises a new signal that is not a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), or a discovery signal.

23. An apparatus for wireless communications by a base station, comprising:

a processor configured to:

acquire synchronization with a network based on a first synchronization signal transmitted from a primary base station or a secondary base station;

determine a synchronization stratum for the base station based on whether the base station acquired synchronization with the network from the primary base station or from the secondary base station;

signal to one or more user equipments (UEs) that a first subframe is an uplink (UL) subframe;

refrain from scheduling the one or more UEs for at least one UL transmission during the first subframe; and

transmit a second synchronization signal during the first subframe for one or more other base stations, wherein the transmitting is based, at least in part, on the determined synchronization stratum; and

a memory coupled to the processor.

24. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal each comprise at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a cell-specific reference signal, a new cell discovery signal or low duty cycle signal for network listening.

25. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein acquiring synchronization with the network based on the first synchronization signal transmitted from the primary base station or the secondary base station comprises:

signaling to the one or more UEs that a second subframe is an UL subframe;

refraining from scheduling any random access channel (RACH) transmissions or UL transmission during the second subframe; and

listening for the first synchronization signal on the downlink during the second subframe for acquiring the synchronization with the network.

26. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein:

the synchronization stratum is determined based on a number of hops between the base station and the primary base station, wherein synchronization stratum is proportional to the number of hops; and

a base station with a lower synchronization stratum transmits synchronization signals more frequently than a base station with a higher synchronization stratum.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein base stations with different synchronization stratums transmit at least partially overlapping synchronization signals.

28. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the base station comprises at least one of a home eNode B, a Pico base station, a femto base station, or a relay base station.