Cooling device
A cooling device for cooling a fluid comprises a vertical cooling tower, into an upper area of which the fluid to be cooled is fed and from a lower area of which the cooled fluid is discharged. The fluid in the cooling tower is cooled by a cooling gas flowing from the bottom to the top. At least one installation in which the fluid is conducted is provided in the gas space of the cooling tower through which cooling gas flows. Each installation comprises at least one fluid channel that is separated at least in part from the gas space of the cooling tower by a fluid-tight membrane wall that is permeable to vapor on both sides.
1. A cooling apparatus for cooling a liquid, comprising:
a vertical cooling tower to which the liquid to be cooled is supplied in an upper region and from which the cooled liquid is led off in a lower region, wherein:
the liquid is cooled in the cooling tower by a cooling gas flowing from bottom to top in a gas space of the cooling tower;
the gas space of the cooling tower includes a plurality of installations, the liquid being conducted in each of the plurality of installations;
each of the plurality of installations includes at least one liquid passage;
the cooling tower includes one or more fans;
the at least one liquid passage of each of the plurality of installations is separated at least partly from the gas space of the cooling tower by a vapor permeable, liquid tight membrane wall;
the installations are disposed vertically and connected to each other in series;
the installations are connected to each other such that the liquid passages are each completely filled with liquid;
the installations disposed vertically adjacent to each other are connected to each other via a return passage which is arranged between a liquid outlet provided in a lower region of the liquid passage of the installation disposed upstream if viewed in the direction of flow of the liquid, and a liquid inlet provided in an upper region of the liquid passage of the installation disposed downstream if viewed in the direction of flow of the liquid;
the return passage is conducted upwardly starting from the liquid outlet of the upstream installation initially at least up to an uppermost liquid level in the installation;
the return passage is configured as a U pipe; and
an upper region of an outflow part of the return passage comprises a passage section which is at least partly bounded by a further membrane wall which comes into contact with the liquid and with the gas space of the cooling tower.
2. The cooling apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the further membrane wall is vapor permeable and liquid tight at both sides.
3. The cooling apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one installation of the plurality of installations comprises a plurality of liquid passages connected in parallel and each extending generally vertically.
4. The cooling apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the liquid passages connected in parallel are arranged horizontally next to one another.
5. The cooling apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one installation of the plurality of installations comprises a plurality of liquid passages which are connected in parallel and arranged horizontally next to one another, and wherein the liquid passages are each separated from the gas space of the cooling tower at least at two mutually oppositely disposed sides by the membrane wall, wherein the membrane wall laterally bounds the gas passage through which the cooling gas flows.
6. The cooling apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the membrane wall separating the liquid passages from the gas space of the cooling tower is a flat membrane.
7. The cooling apparatus of claim 5 , wherein each of the plurality of installations comprises a plurality of frame elements that are connected with each other, each of the frame elements forming the liquid passage and the gas passage.
8. The cooling apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the frame elements are provided with web structures so as to connect the frame elements with each other.
9. The cooling apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the frame elements are each provided with a spacer.
10. The cooling apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the spacer is a grid-like spacer.
11. The cooling apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the membrane wall provided between the liquid passage and the gas passage adjacent thereto is associated with one of the frame elements.
12. A membrane distillation plant comprising:
a multistage membrane distillation apparatus comprising an evaporator, a plurality of condensation and evaporation stages, and a condenser for concentrating a liquid and having a cooling apparatus; and
the cooling apparatus comprising a vertical cooling tower to which the liquid to be cooled is supplied in an upper region and from which the cooled liquid is led off in a lower region, wherein:
the liquid is cooled in the cooling tower by a cooling gas flowing from bottom to top in a gas space of the cooling tower;
the gas space of the cooling tower includes a plurality of installations, the liquid being conducted in each of the plurality of installations;
each of the plurality of installations includes at least one liquid passage;
the cooling tower includes one or more fans;
the at least one liquid passage of each of the plurality of installations is separated at least partly from the gas space of the cooling tower by a vapor permeable, liquid tight membrane wall;
the installations are disposed vertically and connected to each other in series;
the installations are connected to each other such that the liquid passages are each completely filled with liquid;
the installations disposed vertically adjacent to each other are connected to each other via a return passage which is arranged between a liquid outlet provided in a lower region of the liquid passage of the installation disposed upstream if viewed in the direction of flow of the liquid, and a liquid inlet provided in an upper region of the liquid passage of the installation disposed downstream if viewed in the direction of flow of the liquid;
the return passage is conducted upwardly starting from the liquid outlet of the upstream installation initially at least up to an uppermost liquid level in the installation;
the return passage is configured as a U pipe;
an upper region of an outflow part of the return passage comprises a passage section which is at least partly bounded by a further membrane wall which comes into contact with the liquid and with the gas space of the cooling tower,
the liquid to be concentrated is supplied to the condenser of the membrane distillation apparatus and the cooling apparatus;
the cooling apparatus is disposed upstream of the membrane distillation apparatus for preconcentrating the liquid; and
liquid cooled during the preconcentration is supplied as cooling fluid to the condenser from the cooling apparatus.
13. The membrane distillation plant of claim 12 , wherein the further membrane wall is vapor permeable and liquid tight at both sides.
14. The membrane distillation plant of claim 12 , wherein the condenser of the membrane distillation apparatus comprises a vapor space and a cooling fluid passage which is separated from the vapor space by a condensation wall and which is part of a coolant circuit comprising at least one installation of the plurality of installations during the preconcentration, wherein the liquid to be concentrated circulates as a coolant in the coolant circuit.