Lithium-manganese composite oxide and secondary battery
To increase the amount of lithium ions that can be received in and released from a positive electrode active material to achieve high capacity and high energy density of a secondary battery. A lithium manganese oxide particle includes a first region and a second region. The valence number of manganese in the first region is lower than the valence number of manganese in the second region. The lithium manganese oxide has high structural stability and high capacity characteristics.
1. An active material particle comprising:
a first region; and
a second region,
wherein the active material particle is a primary particle,
wherein the second region is on an inner side of the first region,
wherein each of the first region and the second region comprises lithium manganese oxide comprising nickel,
wherein each composition of the first region and the second region is represented by Li a Mn b M c O d ,
wherein M is nickel,
wherein a, b, c and d each satisfy a>0, b>0, c>0 and d>0,
wherein a ratio of a number of oxygen atoms to a sum of a number of manganese atoms and nickel atoms in the first region is small as compared to that in the second region,
wherein a valence number of manganese in the first region is lower than a valence number of manganese in the second region,
wherein the valence number of manganese in the first region is higher than or equal to 1.5 and lower than or equal to 5,
wherein the valence number of manganese in the second region is higher than or equal to 2, and
wherein each of the valence number of manganese in the first region and the valence number of manganese in the second region is obtained by electron energy loss spectroscopy.
2. The active material particle according to claim 1 , wherein the first region is within 30 nm of a surface of the active material particle.
3. The active material particle according to claim 1 ,
wherein a valence number of manganese in the active material particle is higher than or equal to 3.5,
wherein a valence number of nickel in the active material particle is lower than or equal to 3, and
wherein each of the valence number of manganese in the active material particle and the valence number of nickel in the active material particle is determined by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy.
4. The active material particle according to claim 1 ,
wherein a valence number of nickel in the first region is lower than a valence number of nickel in the second region, and
wherein each of the valence number of nickel in the first region and the valence number of nickel in the second region is obtained by electron energy loss spectroscopy.
5. The active material particle according to claim 1 ,
wherein a ratio of a number of lithium atoms to a sum of a number of manganese atoms and nickel atoms in the active material particle is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 2, and
wherein a ratio of a number of nickel atoms to a number of manganese atoms in the active material particle is greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 1.
6. A storage battery comprising the active material particle according to claim 1 .
7. An electronic device comprising the storage battery according to claim 6 .
8. An active material particle comprising:
a first region; and
a second region,
wherein the active material particle is a primary particle,
wherein the second region is on an inner side of the first region,
wherein each of the first region and the second region comprises lithium manganese oxide,
wherein each composition of the first region and the second region is represented by Li a Mn b M c O d ,
wherein M is nickel,
wherein a, b, c and d each satisfy a>0, b>0, c>0 and d>0,
wherein a ratio of a number of oxygen atoms to a sum of a number of manganese atoms and nickel atoms in the first region is small as compared to that in the second region,
wherein a valence number of manganese in the first region is lower than a valence number of manganese in the second region,
wherein the valence number of manganese in the first region is higher than or equal to 1.5 and lower than or equal to 5,
wherein the valence number of manganese in the second region is higher than or equal to 2,
wherein each of the valence number of manganese in the first region and the valence number of manganese in the second region is obtained by electron energy loss spectroscopy,
wherein in the first region, a ratio of the integral intensity of L 3 peak to the integral intensity of L 2 peak of manganese measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy is a first ratio,
wherein in the second region, a ratio of the integral intensity of L 3 peak to integral intensity of L 2 peak of manganese measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy is a second ratio, and
wherein the first ratio is greater than the second ratio.
9. The active material particle according to claim 8 ,
wherein the first ratio is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 10, and
wherein the second ratio is less than or equal to 4.
10. The active material particle according to claim 8 , wherein the first region is within 30 nm of a surface of the active material particle.
11. The active material particle according to claim 8 ,
wherein a valence number of manganese in the active material particle is higher than or equal to 3.5,
wherein a valence number of nickel in the active material particle is lower than or equal to 3, and
wherein each of the valence number of manganese in the active material particle and the valence number of nickel in the active material particle is determined by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy.
12. The active material particle according to claim 8 ,
wherein a ratio of a number of lithium atoms to a sum of a number of manganese atoms and nickel atoms in the active material particle is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 2, and
wherein a ratio of a number of the nickel atoms to a number of manganese atoms in the active material particle is greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 1.
13. A storage battery comprising the active material particle according to claim 8 .
14. An electronic device comprising the storage battery according to claim 13 .