Hafnium turbine engine and method of operation

1. A hafnium-powered vehicle comprised of a hafnium turbine engine, wherein the hafnium turbine engine is comprised of:

an X-ray machine,

a mass of hafnium 178 Hf m2 isomer,

at least one compressor,

a heat exchange apparatus,

and at least one gas turbine,

wherein the X-ray machine and the mass of hafnium 178 Hf m2 isomer, are configured to operate as a single, integrated unit such that X-rays from the X-ray machine will directly strike the mass of hafnium 178 Hf m2 isomer when the X-ray machine is activated,

wherein the at least one compressor is configured to direct a flow of gas from an intake of the at least one compressor, where the flow of gas originates, and direct the flow of gas through the at least one compressor towards the heat exchange apparatus,

wherein the heat exchange apparatus is a physically integrated part of the engine, and

wherein the heat exchange apparatus is configured to receive the flow of gas from the at least one compressor through the heat exchange apparatus,

and wherein the mass of hafnium 178 Hf m2 isomer is configured such that gamma rays from the mass of hafnium 178 Hf m2 isomer are capable of striking the heat exchange apparatus approximately perpendicular to the flow of gas through the heat exchange apparatus, thereby heating the gas as it flows within the heat exchange apparatus,

and wherein the heat exchange apparatus is configured to direct the flow of heated gas towards the gas turbine to drive the gas turbine.

2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the turbine is mechanically linked to a gearbox, shaft, or a generator.

3. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the hafnium turbine engine is further comprised of a generator and at least one electric motor,

and wherein the turbine is mechanically linked to the generator,

and wherein the generator is configured to provide electrical power to the at least one electric motor.

4. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the turbine is mechanically linked to two or more wheels.

5. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a jet airplane.

6. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a jet airplane, and is further comprised of a chamber located in proximity to the turbine,

wherein the heat exchange apparatus is located within the chamber,

and wherein the chamber is configured so that gas will flow through the chamber towards the turbine,

and wherein the chamber and heat exchange apparatus are configured so that a portion of the gas will flow through the heat exchange apparatus and a portion of the gas will flow past the heat exchange apparatus.

7. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the hafnium turbine engine is further comprised of a combustion chamber, and

wherein the heat exchange apparatus is located either between the compressor and the combustion chamber or between the combustion chamber and the turbine, and further comprising a controller unit capable of activating the combustion chamber, the heat exchange apparatus, or both.

8. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a propeller-driven airplane.

9. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a helicopter.

10. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a ship.

11. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a submarine.

12. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a locomotive.

13. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a truck, automobile or a motorcycle.

14. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a tracked vehicle.

15. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a high altitude vehicle or space vehicle, and further comprises a closed circuit capable of cooling a flow of exhaust gas and directing the exhaust gas back to the intake of the at least one compressor or heat exchange apparatus for recirculation and re-use.