Production of tissue engineered heart valves
The invention is directed to methods for preparing artificial heart valves by preconditioning a matrix seeded with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells differentiated from isolated progenitor cells. These cell seeded matrices are exposed to fluid conditions that mimic blood flow through the heart to produce tissue engineered heart valves that are analogous to native heart valves.
1. A preconditioned tissue engineered heart valve, comprising:
a biocompatible matrix seeded with at least one population of endothelial cells differentiated from progenitor cells ex vivo, wherein the seeded cells form at least one cell layer on the biocompatible matrix;
a population of smooth muscle cells differentiated from progenitor cells and seeded onto the endothelial cell layer,
wherein the biocompatible matrix is selected from the group consisting of a decellularized matrix, an electrospun matrix, and a synthetic polymer matrix, and
wherein at least one cell of the population of endothelial cells, the population of smooth muscle cells, or a combination thereof comprise(s) an exogenous nucleic acid encoding an anti-inflammatory factor operably linked to a promoter.
2. The heart valve of claim 1 , wherein the anti-inflammatory factor is selected from the group consisting of anti-GM-CSF, anti-TNF, anti-IL-1 and anti-IL2.
3. The heart valve of claim 1 , wherein biocompatible matrix is a decellularized heart valve.
4. The heart valve of claim 1 , wherein the electrospun matrix is a crosslinked matrix.
5. The heart valve of claim 4 , wherein the electrospun matrix comprises poly(lactide-co-glycolides) (PLGA).
6. The heart valve of claim 4 , wherein the electrospun matrix comprises nanofibers having a diameter of about 50 nanometers to about 1000 nanometers and wherein the distance between the fibers is about 50 nanometers to about 500 nanometers.
7. The heart valve of claim 4 , wherein the electrospun matrix has a pore size of about 0.1 μm 2 to about 100 μm 2 .
8. The heart valve of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible matrix is coated with a basement membrane component.
9. The heart valve of claim 8 , wherein the basement membrane component is selected from the group consisting agar, agarose, gelatin, gum arabic, collagens, fibronectin, laminin, glycoaminoglycans, and mixtures thereof.