Daylight collectors with diffuse and direct light collection
Lighting devices and methods for providing daylight to the interior of a structure are disclosed. Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a daylighting device including a tube having a sidewall with a reflective interior surface, a light collecting structure, and a light reflector positioned to reflect daylight into the light collector. In some embodiments, the light collector is associated with one or more light-turning and/or light reflecting structures configured to increase the amount of light captured by the daylighting device. Optical elements may allow for the absorption and/or selective transmission of infrared light away from an interior of the daylighting device.
1. A skylight comprising:
a skylight cover;
a prismatic element configured to refract at least a portion of light that passes through the skylight cover, wherein the prismatic element comprises a non-prismatic surface and a prismatic surface, wherein the prismatic surface is opposite the non-prismatic surface, and wherein the non-prismatic surface is positioned between the prismatic surface and the skylight cover, wherein the prismatic surface comprises at least one prism having a riser surface and a draft surface, wherein a riser angle of the riser surface is from 35 degrees to 43 degrees or from 47 degrees to 85 degrees relative to a surface normal to the non-prismatic surface; and
an element positioning assembly configured to:
position the skylight cover over an opening in a roof of a building;
dispose the prismatic element relative to a plane of the roof such that an angle formed at an intersection of a second plane containing the prismatic element and the plane of the roof is from 0 to 40 degrees, and
orient the prismatic element so that the riser surface faces the sun and directs daylight into the opening in the roof.
2. The skylight of claim 1 , wherein the draft surface has a draft angle, wherein the riser angle is different from the draft angle.
3. The skylight of claim 2 , wherein the riser angle is between 45 degrees and 55 degrees.
4. The skylight of claim 1 , wherein the prismatic element comprises a prismatic film having at least one surface positioned parallel to the skylight cover.
5. The skylight of claim 1 , wherein the prismatic element comprises a plurality of prismatic grooves.
6. The skylight of claim 5 , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of prismatic grooves are formed in at least one of a radial pattern, a linear pattern, or a curve-linear pattern.
7. The skylight of claim 1 , wherein the prismatic element is positioned up to 40 degrees from horizontal.
8. The skylight of claim 7 , wherein the prismatic element is positioned substantially parallel to the plane of the roof.
9. The skylight of claim 1 , wherein the skylight cover is angled relative to the plane of the roof, the skylight cover having a pole side and an equatorial side, the equatorial side being positioned closer to the equator and the pole side being opposite the equatorial side, wherein the pole side of the skylight cover is offset from the roof, and the equatorial side is positioned closer to the roof than the pole side.
10. The skylight of claim 1 , wherein the skylight cover is clear, and wherein the skylight cover is substantially flat, angled, or at least partially dome-shaped.
11. The skylight of claim 1 , wherein the prismatic element is integrated with the skylight cover.
12. A skylight assembly comprising:
a skylight cover;
a prismatic element configured to refract at least a portion of light that passes through the skylight cover, wherein the prismatic element comprises a non-prismatic surface and a prismatic surface, wherein the prismatic surface is opposite the non-prismatic surface, and wherein the non-prismatic surface is positioned between the prismatic surface and the skylight cover; and
an element positioning assembly configured to
position the skylight assembly over an opening in a roof of a building;
dispose the prismatic element relative to a plane of the roof such that an angle formed at an intersection of a second plane containing the prismatic element and the plane of the roof is from 0 to 40 degrees, and
orient the prismatic element so that the riser surface faces the sun and directs daylight into the opening in the roof.
13. The skylight assembly of claim 12 , wherein the positioning assembly includes at least one of: an adhesive that bonds the prismatic element to the skylight cover; a frame that holds the prismatic element within 6 inches of the skylight cover; a spacer configured to be positioned between the prismatic element and the skylight cover; a tab or slot for attachment to the prismatic element; or an adhesive that bonds the prismatic element to a portion of the skylight assembly near the skylight cover.
14. The skylight assembly of claim 12 , wherein angling the prismatic element forms a raised side of the prismatic element along at least one edge of the prismatic element, wherein the raised side is a side other than the side of the prismatic element closest to the equator.
15. The skylight assembly of claim 12 , wherein the prismatic element is aligned with the angle of the skylight cover.
16. The skylight assembly of claim 12 , wherein the position of the prismatic element less than or equal to six inches from the plane of the roof.
17. A method of installation of a skylight assembly, the method comprising:
providing a skylight assembly, the assembly comprising
a skylight cover; and
a prismatic element configured to refract at least a portion of light that passes through the skylight cover, wherein the prismatic element comprises a planar surface and a prismatic surface, wherein the prismatic surface is opposite the planar surface, and wherein the planar surface is positioned between the prismatic surface and the skylight cover, wherein the prismatic surface comprises at least one prism having a riser surface and a draft surface;
positioning the skylight assembly over an opening in a roof of a building;
orienting the skylight so that the riser surface faces the sun and directs daylight into the opening in the roof when the skylight is installed as part of a skylight installation; and
positioning the prismatic element so that no portion of the prismatic element is above six inches of the plane of the roof.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprising angling the prismatic element up to 40 degrees relative to the plane of the roof.
19. The method of claim 17 further comprising securing the prismatic element within the skylight assembly.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein securing the prismatic element further comprises at least one of: bonding the prismatic element to the skylight cover using an adhesive; attaching the prismatic element to a frame that holds the prismatic element within 6 inches of the skylight cover; positioning a spacer between the prismatic element and the skylight cover; attaching the prismatic element a tab or slot within the skylight assembly; or bonding the prismatic element to a portion of the skylight assembly near the skylight cover using an adhesive.
21. A skylight assembly comprising:
a skylight cover;
a prismatic element configured to refract at least a portion of light that passes through the skylight cover, wherein the prismatic element comprises a non-prismatic surface and a prismatic surface, wherein the prismatic surface is opposite the non-prismatic surface, and wherein the non-prismatic surface is positioned between the prismatic surface and the skylight cover; and
an element positioning assembly configured to
position the skylight assembly over an opening in a roof of a building;
position the prismatic element so that no portion of the prismatic element is greater than or equal to about six inches above a plane of the roof, and
orient the prismatic element so that the riser surface faces the sun and directs daylight into the opening in the roof.
22. The skylight of claim 21 , wherein the prismatic element is positioned below the plane of the roof.