Method of making a deletion in a target sequence in isolated primary cells using Cas9 and two guide RNAs
Disclosed herein are methods, compositions, and kits for high efficiency, site-specific genomic editing of cells.
1. A method of making a deletion in a target polynucleotide sequence in an isolated mammalian primary cell comprising contacting the mammalian cell with a nucleic acid sequence encoding a clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats-associated 9 (Cas9) protein and two guide ribonucleic acid sequences that hybridize to target sites in the target polynucleotide sequence such that a deletion in the target polynucleotide sequence occurs, and wherein the efficiency of making the deletion in the target polynucleotide sequence is at least 18%.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 protein is Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 protein or a functional portion thereof.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the functional portion comprises a combination of operably linked Cas9 protein functional domains selected from the group consisting of a DNA binding domain, at least one RNA binding domain, a helicase domain, and an endonuclease domain.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid sequence encoding the Cas9 protein comprises a modified nucleic acid.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the modified nucleic acid comprises a ribonucleic acid containing at least one modified nucleotide selected from the group consisting of pseudouridine, 5-methylcytodine, 2-thio-uridine, 5-methyluridine-5′-triphosphate, 4-thiouridine-5′-triphosphate, 5,6-dihydrouridine-5′-triphosphate, and 5-azauridine-5′-triphosphate.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each target site is a 20-nucleotide DNA sequence.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each target site is a 20-nucleotide DNA sequence beginning with G and immediately precedes an NGG motif recognized by the Cas protein.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each target site is G(N) 19 NGG.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the target polynucleotide sequence encodes CCR5.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the target polynucleotide sequence encodes CXCR4.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the Cas9 protein is from any bacterial species or a functional portion thereof.
12. The method according to according to claim 11 , wherein the functional portion comprises a combination of operably linked Cas9 protein functional domains selected from the group consisting of a DNA binding domain, at least one RNA binding domain, a helicase domain, and an endonuclease domain.