Planar graphene semi-cyclotrons
Various emitters and emitter systems are disclosed. For instance, in various embodiments, an emitter can comprise a substrate, an insulator bonded to the substrate, a graphene layer bonded to the insulator, and a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact. The first electrical contact can be bonded over a first portion of the graphene layer, and the second electrical contact can be bonded over a second portion of the graphene layer. The graphene layer electrically couples the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact and is configured to receive the application of a pulsed input voltage between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact and to radiate radio frequency (RF) energy. An emitter system can comprise a plurality of emitters, each disposed on a single integrated circuit.
1. A system, comprising:
a plurality of radio frequency (RF) emitters, each emitter in said plurality of emitters, comprising:
a substrate;
an insulator bonded to said substrate;
a graphene layer bonded to said insulator;
a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact, said first electrical contact bonded over a first portion of said graphene layer and said second electrical contact bonded over a second portion of said graphene layer;
wherein said graphene layer electrically coupled between said first electrical contact and said second electrical contact, said graphene layer is configured to receive a DC bias voltage between said first electrical contact and said second electrical contact; and
a plurality of photoelectric elements bonded to said graphene layer, said plurality of photoelectric elements configured to supply a pulsed burst of electrons to said graphene layer in response to light shining upon said plurality of photoelectric elements, wherein said graphene layer is configured to radiate RF energy in response to said pulsed burst of electrons.
2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein each emitter in said plurality of RF emitters comprise a single integrated circuit and spaced in the integrated circuit such that the RF energy radiated by each emitter in said plurality of emitters adds by a process of linear superposition during transmission through free space.
3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein said integrated circuit comprising about 60 million emitters, wherein said integrated circuit is about sixteen square inches.
4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein said graphene layer comprises a portion of a substantially planar annulus having a first radius and a second radius, said first radius and said second radius together defining a width of said annulus.
5. A system, comprising:
a plurality of radio frequency (RF) emitters, each emitter in said plurality of emitters, comprising:
a substrate;
an insulator bonded to said substrate;
a graphene layer bonded to said insulator;
a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact, said first electrical contact bonded over a first portion of said graphene layer and said second electrical contact bonded over a second portion of said graphene layer;
wherein said graphene layer electrically coupled between said first electrical contact and said second electrical contact, said graphene layer is configured to receive a DC bias voltage between said first electrical contact and said second electrical contact; and
an apexed photoelectric element bonded to said graphene layer, said apexed photoelectric element configured to supply a pulsed burst of electrons to said graphene layer in response to light shining upon said apexed photoelectric element, wherein said graphene layer is configured to radiate RF energy in response to said pulsed burst of electrons.
6. The system according to claim 5 , wherein each emitter in said plurality of RF emitters comprise a single integrated circuit and spaced in the integrated circuit such that the RF energy radiated by each emitter in said plurality of emitters adds by a process of linear superposition during transmission through free space.
7. The system according to claim 6 , wherein said integrated circuit comprising about 60 million emitters, wherein said integrated circuit is about sixteen square inches.
8. The system according to claim 6 , wherein said graphene layer comprises a portion of a substantially planar annulus having a first radius and a second radius, said first radius and said second radius together defining a width of said annulus.
9. A system, comprising:
a plurality of radio frequency (RF) emitters, each emitter in said plurality of emitters, comprising:
a substrate;
an insulator bonded to said substrate;
a graphene layer bonded to said insulator;
a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact, said first electrical contact bonded over a first portion of said graphene layer and said second electrical contact bonded over a second portion of said graphene layer;
wherein said graphene layer electrically coupled between said first electrical contact and said second electrical contact, said graphene layer is configured to receive a DC bias voltage between said first electrical contact and said second electrical contact; and
a plurality of apexed photoelectric elements bonded to said graphene layer, said plurality of apexed photoelectric elements configured to supply a pulsed burst of electrons to said graphene layer in response to light shining upon said plurality of apexed photoelectric elements, wherein said graphene layer is configured to radiate RF energy in response to said pulsed burst of electrons.
10. The system according to claim 9 , wherein each emitter in said plurality of RF emitters comprise a single integrated circuit and spaced in the integrated circuit such that the RF energy radiated by each emitter in said plurality of emitters adds by a process of linear superposition during transmission through free space.
11. The system according to claim 10 , wherein said integrated circuit comprising about 60 million emitters, wherein said integrated circuit is about sixteen square inches.
12. The system according to claim 11 , wherein said graphene layer comprises a portion of a substantially planar annulus having a first radius and a second radius, said first radius and said second radius together defining a width of said annulus.