Graphite oxide entrainment in cement and asphalt composite
A method of producing dispersed of high quality graphene/graphite oxides in a powder matrix to then be reacted to form a composite. Where the powders have similar hydrophobicity and the graphene/graphite oxides has minimal surface oxidation or minimal epoxy group and where the powders are sonically mixed.
1. A method of making a graphene/graphite oxide mixed with other hydrophilic powders, where the graphene/graphite oxide is made by a method comprising:
obtaining graphene/graphite oxide flakes with a surface area to thickness ratio greater than 300 Angstroms, and thickness of less than 160 Angstroms, wherein the graphene flakes have no significant physical surface distortions, no significant epoxy functionalization, and has an oxidation level greater than 1.5% by mass;
combining with Ordinary Portland Cement and other dry powders;
mixing for at least 30 minutes in a sonic mixing system; and
adding water to react the powders and form a cementitious composite when cured.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene/graphite oxide is greater than 0.00005% by mass of the dry powder material.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the mechanical, electrical, or thermal physical properties are enhanced the addition of the graphene/graphite oxide.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 95% of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes are from about 0.8 to 16 nanometers in thickness.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 95% of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes have a surface area to thickness ratio of a minimum of 300 Angstroms.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the maximum dimension of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes between 220 Angstroms and 100 microns.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene/graphite oxide flake has primarily edge oxidation.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flake surface has the same hydrophobicity as the other powders.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mechanochemical exfoliating graphite into graphene/graphite oxide flakes in done in a stirred media mill, and the stirred media mill is an Attrition mill or ball mill.
10. A method of making a graphene/graphite oxide mixed with other hydrophobic powders, where the graphene/graphite oxide is made by a method comprising the steps of:
obtaining Graphene/graphite oxide flakes with a surface area to thickness ratio greater than 300 Angstroms, and thickness of less than 160 Angstroms, wherein the graphene flakes have no significant physical surface distortions, having no significant epoxy functionalization and has an oxidation level less than 1.5% by mass;
combining with sand and other dry powders; and
mixing for at least 30 minutes in a sonic mixing system.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the graphene/graphite oxide is greater than 0.00005% by mass of the dry powder material.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the mechanical, electrical, or thermal physical properties are enhanced the addition of the graphene/graphite oxide.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least 95% of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes are from about 0.8 to 16 nanometers in thickness.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least 95% of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes have a surface area to thickness ratio of a minimum of 300 Angstroms.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the maximum dimension of the graphene/graphite oxide flakes between 220 Angstroms and 100 microns.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the graphene/graphite oxide flake has primarily edge oxidation.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the flake surface has the same hydrophobicity as the other powders.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the mechanochemical exfoliating graphite into graphene/graphite oxide flakes in done in a stirred media mill, and the stirred media mill is an Attrition mill or ball mill.
19. A graphene/graphite oxide preparation for making a cement comprising:
graphene/graphite oxide flakes with a surface area to thickness ratio greater than 300 Angstroms, and thickness of less than 160 Angstroms, wherein the graphene flakes have no significant physical surface distortions, having no significant epoxy functionalization and has an oxidation level greater than 1.5% by mass combined with Ordinary Portland Cement and other dry powders; wherein the mixture is capable of forming a cementitious composite when cured in the presence of sufficient water.
20. A graphene/graphite cement composite comprising:
graphene/graphite oxide flakes with a surface area to thickness ratio greater than 300 Angstroms, and thickness of less than 160 Angstroms, wherein the graphene flakes have no significant physical surface distortions, having no significant epoxy functionalization and has an oxidation level greater than 1.5% by mass combined with Ordinary Portland Cement and other dry powders; and sufficient water to react the powders and form a cementitious composite when cured.