Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate in foamed glass produced by a submerged combustion melter
Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate of glass foams formed during submerged combustion melting. Flowing a molten mass of foamed glass comprising molten glass and bubbles entrained therein into an apparatus downstream of a submerged combustion melter. The downstream apparatus has a floor, a roof, and a sidewall structure connecting the floor and roof. The foamed glass has glass foam of glass foam bubbles on its top surface, and the downstream apparatus defines a space for a gaseous atmosphere above and in contact with the glass foam. The downstream apparatus includes heating components to heat or maintain temperature of the foamed glass. Adjusting composition of the atmosphere above the glass foam, and/or contacting the foam with a liquid or solid composition controls bubble size of the glass foam bubbles, and/or foam decay rate.
1. A method comprising:
flowing a molten mass of foamed glass comprising molten glass and bubbles entrained therein into an apparatus downstream of a submerged combustion melter, the downstream apparatus selected from the group consisting of a conditioning channel, a distribution channel, and a forehearth and comprising a floor, a roof, and a sidewall structure connecting the floor and the roof, the foamed glass having glass foam comprising glass foam bubbles on at least a portion of a top surface of the foamed glass, the downstream apparatus defining a space for a gaseous atmosphere above and in contact with the glass foam;
heating or maintaining temperature of the foamed glass in the downstream apparatus comprising using combustion heating only comprising one or more non-submerged oxy-fuel combustion burners positioned in corresponding apertures in the sidewall structure and/or the roof of the downstream apparatus, the one or more non-submerged oxy-fuel combustion burners contributing to production of the gaseous atmosphere above the glass foam; and
controlling a foam decay rate of the glass foam bubbles by dropping onto a top surface of the glass foam a solid composition supplied through one or more apertures in the roof configured to drop the solid composition through the gaseous atmosphere and thereafter onto the top surface of the glass foam, wherein the solid composition is a mixture of solid particles of
i) glass particles having the same or similar composition as the foamed glass, and
ii) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chalcogens, alkali metal carbonates, alkaline earth carbonates, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the dropping of the top surface of the glass foam with the solid composition comprises dropping the solid particles onto at least a portion of the top surface of the glass foam from a third source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the dropping of the top surface of the glass foam with the solid composition comprises dropping the solid particles onto at least a portion of the top surface of the glass foam from a second source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the alkali metal chalcogens are selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfates, alkali metal bisulfates, alkali metal sulfites, alkali metal persulfates, alkali metal selenates, alkali metal tellurates, mixtures of two or more of these, and salts of two or more of these.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the alkali metal sulfates are selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium persulfate, sodium selenite, lithium sulfate, potassium sulfate, rubidium sulfate, caesium sulfate, double salts of two of these, and double salts of one of these with another compound, and the alkali metal tellurate is sodium tellurate.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the dropping of the top surface of the glass foam with the solid composition comprises dropping the mixture of the alkali metal chalcogen particles and the glass particles onto at least a portion of the top surface of the glass foam from a source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
7. A method comprising:
flowing a molten mass of foamed glass comprising molten glass and bubbles entrained therein into an apparatus downstream of a submerged combustion melter, the downstream apparatus selected from the group consisting of a conditioning channel, a distribution channel, and a forehearth and comprising a floor, a roof, and a sidewall structure connecting the floor and the roof, the foamed glass having glass foam comprising glass foam bubbles on at least a portion of a top surface of the foamed glass, the downstream apparatus defining a space for a gaseous atmosphere above and in contact with the glass foam;
heating or maintaining temperature of the foamed glass in the downstream apparatus using only combustion heating comprising one or more non-submerged oxy-fuel combustion burners positioned in corresponding apertures in the sidewall structure and/or the roof of the downstream apparatus, the one or more non-submerged oxy-fuel combustion burners producing combustion products contributing to formation of the atmosphere above the glass foam; and
increasing foam decay rate of the glass foam bubbles by dropping a mixture of alkali metal chalcogen particles and glass particles through the gaseous atmosphere and onto at least a portion of the glass foam from one or more sources outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus, the glass particles having same or similar composition as the foamed glass, the mixture supplied through one or more apertures in the roof configured to drop the mixture through the gaseous atmosphere and thereafter onto the top surface of the glass foam.
8. A method comprising:
flowing a molten mass of foamed glass comprising molten glass and bubbles entrained therein into an apparatus downstream of a submerged combustion melter, the downstream apparatus selected from the group consisting of a conditioning channel, a distribution channel, and a forehearth and comprising a floor, a roof, and a sidewall structure connecting the floor and the roof, the foamed glass having glass foam comprising glass foam bubbles on at least a portion of a top surface of the foamed glass, the downstream apparatus defining a space for a gaseous atmosphere above and in contact with the glass foam;
heating or maintaining temperature of the foamed glass in the downstream apparatus; and
controlling a foam decay rate of the glass foam bubbles by:
i) adjusting composition of at least a portion of the gaseous atmosphere; and
ii) dropping onto a top surface of the glass foam a solid composition supplied through one or more apertures in the roof configured to drop the solid composition through the gaseous atmosphere and thereafter onto the top surface of the glass foam,
wherein the solid composition is a mixture of solid particles of glass particles having the same or similar composition as the foamed glass, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chalcogens, alkali metal carbonates, alkaline earth carbonates, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the adjusting composition of the gaseous atmosphere comprises mixing dry ambient air or dry synthetic air into the gaseous atmosphere from a source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the adjusting composition of the gaseous atmosphere comprises mixing ambient air or synthetic air having humidity above that of dry air from a source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the adjusting composition of the gaseous atmosphere comprises mixing dry ambient air or dry synthetic air into the gaseous atmosphere from a source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus, and wherein the heating or maintaining temperature comprises combusting an oxidant with a fuel to produce combustion products so that the combustion products mix with the gaseous atmosphere, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of ambient air, synthetic air, oxygen-enriched ambient air, oxygen-enriched synthetic air, and compositions comprising more than about 95 mole percent oxygen.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the adjusting composition of the gaseous atmosphere comprises mixing dry ambient air or dry synthetic air with the gaseous atmosphere from a first source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus, and spraying water vapor and/or steam into the gaseous atmosphere from a second source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the dropping of the top surface of the glass foam with a solid composition comprises dropping the solid particles onto at least a portion of the top surface of the glass foam from a third source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the heating or maintaining temperature of the foamed glass in the downstream apparatus comprises using combustion heating only comprising one or more non-submerged oxy-fuel combustion burners positioned in corresponding apertures in the sidewall structure and/or the roof of the downstream apparatus, the one or more non-submerged oxy-fuel combustion burners contributing to the production of the gaseous atmosphere above the glass foam.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the adjusting composition of the gaseous atmosphere comprises spraying water vapor and/or steam into the gaseous atmosphere from a source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the spraying of the water vapor or the steam into the gaseous atmosphere increases water content of the atmosphere above 58 percent saturation.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the water content of the gaseous atmosphere is increased to 100 percent saturation.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein the dropping of the top surface of the glass foam with the solid composition comprises dropping solid particles onto at least a portion of the top surface of the glass foam from a second source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
19. The method of claim 14 wherein the dropping of the top surface of the glass foam with the solid composition comprises dropping the mixture onto at least a portion of the top surface of the glass foam from a source outside of and fluidly connected to the downstream apparatus.
20. The method of claim 8 wherein the alkali metal chalcogens are selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfates, alkali metal bisulfates, alkali metal sulfites, alkali metal persulfates, alkali metal selenates, alkali metal tellurates, mixtures of two or more of these, and salts of two or more of these.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the alkali metal chalcogens are selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium persulfate, sodium selenite, lithium sulfate, potassium sulfate, rubidium sulfate, caesium sulfate, double salts of two of these, and double salts of one of these with another compound, and the alkali metal tellurate is sodium tellurate.