System for conditioning surfaces in vivo
A system and method for conditioning surfaces of a body in vivo includes providing an electrical energy source, coupling the electric energy source to the surface, and delivering electropositive current from the electrical energy source to the surface so as to generate a sub-threshold current density on the surface. In preferred embodiments, the sub-threshold electropositive current density is between about 0.001 and about 1.0 mA/cm 2 .
1. A method for inhibiting thrombogenesis on a surface of a body in vivo, said method comprising:
(a) providing an electrical energy source;
(b) coupling said electrical energy source to said surface; and
(c) delivering between about 0.1 and about 10 mA electropositive current from said electrical energy source to said surface to create an electropositive current density of between about 0.001 and about 1.0 mA/cm 2 on said surface.
2. A method as in claim 1 wherein said body is electrically conductive.
3. A method as in claim 1 wherein said body is an implanted medical device.
4. A method as in claim 3 wherein said implanted medical device is a medical heart valve.
5. A method as in claim 3 wherein said implanted medical device is a stent.
6. A method as in claim 1 wherein said electrical energy source is a pacemaker device.
7. A method as in claim 1 wherein said electrical energy source is coupled to said surface through one or more wires.
8. A method as in claim 1 wherein said current is delivered to said surface in pulsatile format.
9. A method as in claim 8 wherein said pulsatile current is in a wave form selected from the group consisting of sinusoidal, square, and triangular.
10. A method for inhibiting thrombogenesis on a surface of an electrically conductive body in vivo, said method comprising:
electrically coupling said body to an electrical energy source, said electrical energy source delivering an electropositive current to said body to generate an electropositive current density of between about 0.001 and about 1.0 mA/cm 2 on said body.
11. A method as in claim 10 wherein said body is an implanted medical device.
12. A method for inhibiting blood component coagulation on a surface of an implanted medical device, said method comprising:
electrically coupling said medical device to an electrical energy source such that said electrical energy source delivers electropositive current to said medical device to generate a sub-threshold current density on said medical device wherein said sub-threshold current density is between about 0.001 and 1.0 mA/cm 2 .
13. A method as in claim 12 wherein said medical device is a mechanical heart valve.
14. A method for inhibiting blood platelet adhesion to a surface in vivo, said method comprising:
applying electrical energy to said surface, said electrical energy being derived from an electropositive current creating a current density of between about 0.001 and about 1.0 mA/cm 2 on said surface.
15. A method as in claim 14 wherein said surface is located on an implanted medical device.
16. A method as in claim 15 wherein said implanted medical device is a mechanical heart valve.
17. A method as in claim 15 wherein said implanted medical device is a stent.
18. A method as in claim 14 wherein said surface is electrically conductive.
19. A method as in claim 14 wherein said electrical energy is delivered from an implanted energy source.
20. A method as in claim 19 wherein said electrical energy source is a pacemaker device.
21. A method as in claim 19 wherein said electrical energy source is electrically coupled to said surface through one or more wires.
22. A method as in claim 14 wherein said current is in pulsatile format.
23. A method as in claim 22 wherein said pulsatile current is in a wave form selected from the group consisting of sinusoidal, square, and triangular.
24. A system for inhibiting thrombogenesis on a surface in vivo, said system comprising:
an electrical energy source electrically coupled to said surface, said electrical energy source providing electropositive current density of between about 0.001 and about 1.0 mA/cm 2 on said surface.
25. A system as in claim 24 wherein said surface is disposed on an implanted medical device.
26. A system as in claim 25 wherein said implanted medical device is a mechanical heart valve.
27. A system as in claim 25 wherein said implanted medical device is a stent.
28. A system as in claim 24 wherein said surface is electrically conductive.
29. A system as in claim 24 wherein said electrical energy source is electrically coupled to said surface through one or more wires.
30. A system as in claim 24 wherein said electrical energy source is a pacemaker device.
31. A system for inhibiting blood platelet adhesion on one or more surfaces of an implanted medical device, said system comprising:
an electrical current generating device electrically coupled to said implanted medical device through one or more wires, said electrical current generating device being disposed in the body of a patient and delivering an electropositive current to said one or more surfaces so as to create an electropositive current density of between about a 0.001 and about 1.0 m/cm 2 on said one or more surfaces.
32. A system as in claim 31 wherein said electrical current generating device is a pacemaker device.