Broadcast time-of-departure (TOD) frame format

1. A method of range measurement between one or more wireless stations (STAs) and a first access point (AP), the method comprising:

synchronizing a clock of the first AP with clocks of one or more synchronized APs;

performing, by the first AP, a synchronization session with the one or more STAs; and

broadcasting, by the first AP without receiving a request from the one or more STAs, one or more Broadcast time-of-departure (TOD) frames to the one or more STAs, each of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames including a time of departure of a Broadcast TOD frame from the first AP.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a subsequent Broadcast TOD frame of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames includes a time of departure of a last or the subsequent Broadcast TOD frame from the first AP.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the synchronization session with the one or more STAs comprises:

performing, by the first AP, a fine timing measurement (FTM) session with one of the one or more STAs.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames includes information regarding an accuracy of a timer of the first AP.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the information regarding the accuracy of the timer of the first AP includes a ppm estimate of the accuracy of the timer of the first AP or information of a fully qualified domain name server storing information of the first AP.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the information regarding the accuracy of the timer of the first AP includes a neighbor report of the accuracy of the timer of the first AP relative to other APs of the one or more synchronized APs.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the neighbor report includes at least one of an offset or a fractional portion of the offset between the timer of the first AP and a timer of another AP of the one or more synchronized APs.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the neighbor report includes a ppm offset between a drift of the timer of the first AP and a drift of a timer of another AP of the one or more synchronized APs.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the ppm offset is included in an existing subelement or a reserved subelement of the neighbor report.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more Broadcast TOD frames from the first AP include Broadcast TOD frames of different formats.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames from the first AP includes a location configuration information (LCI) report of the first AP.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames from the first AP includes a fractional portion of a timestamp of the first AP.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

broadcasting, by a second AP and a third AP of the one or more synchronized APs to the one or more STAs, one or more Broadcast TOD frames, wherein each of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames includes a time of departure of a Broadcast TOD frame from the second AP or the third AP.

14. An access point (AP) comprising:

a clock;

a wireless communication subsystem; and

a processing unit communicatively coupled with the clock and the wireless communication subsystem, the processing unit being configured to:

synchronize the clock of the AP with clocks of one or more other APs;

perform a synchronization session with one or more wireless stations (STAs); and

broadcast, without receiving a request from the one or more STAs, one or more Broadcast time-of-departure (TOD) frames to the one or more STAs through the wireless communication subsystem, wherein each of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames includes a time of departure of a Broadcast TOD frame from the AP.

15. The access point of claim 14 , wherein the processing unit is configured to perform the synchronization session with the one or more STAs through a fine timing measurement (FTM) session.

16. The access point of claim 14 , wherein at least one of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames includes information regarding an accuracy of the clock of the AP.

17. The access point of claim 16 , wherein the information regarding the accuracy of the clock of the AP includes a ppm estimate of the accuracy of the clock of the AP or information of a fully qualified domain name server storing information of the AP.

18. The access point of claim 16 , wherein the information regarding the accuracy of the clock of the AP includes a neighbor report of the accuracy of the clock of the AP relative to clocks of the one or more other APs.

19. The access point of claim 18 , wherein the neighbor report includes at least one of an offset or a fractional portion of the offset between the clock of the AP and clocks of the one or more other APs, or a ppm offset between a drift of the clock of the AP and drifts of the clocks of the one or more other APs.

20. The access point of claim 14 , wherein the one or more Broadcast TOD frames from the AP include Broadcast TOD frames of different formats.

21. A method of range measurement between a wireless station (STA) and one or more synchronized access points (APs), the method comprising:

performing, by the STA, a synchronization session with a first AP in a network of synchronized APs;

receiving, by the STA without sending a request to a second AP in the network of synchronized APs, one or more Broadcast time-of-departure (TOD) frames broadcasted by the second AP in the network of synchronized APs, wherein each of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames includes a time of departure of a Broadcast TOD frame from the second AP; and

determining, by the STA, a range between the STA and the second AP based on the time of departure of at least one Broadcast TOD frame from the second AP.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the first AP and the second AP are a same AP.

23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the synchronization session is a fine timing measurement session between the STA and the first AP.

24. The method of claim 21 , wherein at least one of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames includes information regarding an accuracy of a timer of the second AP.

25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:

adjusting, by the STA, the time of departure of the Broadcast TOD frame from the second AP based on the information regarding the accuracy of the timer of the second AP.

26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the information regarding the accuracy of the timer of the second AP includes at least one of a ppm estimate of the accuracy of the timer of the second AP, information of a fully qualified domain name server storing information of the second AP, or a neighbor report of the accuracy of the timer of the second AP relative to other APs in the network of synchronized APs.

27. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:

receiving, by the STA, one or more Broadcast TOD frames from each of a third AP and a fourth AP in the network of synchronized APs, wherein each of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames includes a time of departure of a Broadcast TOD frame from the third AP or the fourth AP;

determining, by the STA, a range between the STA and the third AP and a range between the STA and the fourth AP based on the time of departure of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames from the third AP or the fourth AP; and

determining, by the STA, an absolute position of the STA based on the range between the STA and the second AP, the range between the STA and the third AP, and the range between the STA and the fourth AP.

28. A wireless station (STA) comprising:

a clock;

a wireless communication subsystem; and

a processing unit communicatively coupled with the clock and the wireless communication subsystem, the processing unit being configured to:

perform a synchronization session with a first AP in a network of synchronized APs;

receive, without sending a request to a second AP in the network of synchronized APs, one or more Broadcast time-of-departure (TOD) frames broadcasted by the second AP in the network of synchronized APs through the wireless communication subsystem, wherein each of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames includes a time of departure of a Broadcast TOD frame from the second AP; and

determine a range between the STA and the second AP based on the time of departure of at least one Broadcast TOD frame from the second AP.

29. The wireless station of claim 28 , wherein the one or more Broadcast TOD frames include information regarding an accuracy of a timer of the second AP, and wherein determining the range between the STA and the second AP includes adjusting the time of departure of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames from the second AP based on the information regarding the accuracy of the timer of the second AP.

30. The wireless station of claim 28 , wherein the processing unit is further configured to determine an absolute position of the STA based on ranges between the STA and three or more APs in the network of synchronized APs.