Cross-linking mechanism for thin organic coatings based on the Hantzsch di-hydropyridine synthesis reaction
Disclosed is cross-linking process for cross-linking polymeric chains in a coating composition. In one embodiment the process utilizes a Hantzsch dihydropyridine reaction to form reaction products including cross-linking polymeric resin chains having beta-keto ester functions using a source of aldehyde and a source of ammonia or a primary amine to form a permanent dihydropyridine bond between the beta-keto ester functions. The novel cross-linking reaction can occur at lower temperatures compared to typical cross-linking reactions and can occur in aqueous solutions that have a neutral to mildly alkaline pH of from 6 to 11. The novel cross-linking reaction provides many advantages to performing cross-linking of polymeric chains in coating resins.
1. A coated metal substrate comprising:
a metal substrate coated with a dried in place coating composition, said coating composition comprising reaction products of a polymeric resin containing pendant beta-keto ester functions with an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, vanillin, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid, and mixtures thereof and a source of either ammonia or a primary amine;
wherein said polymeric resin comprises a plurality of polymeric chains and wherein each of said polymeric chains contains at least one of said pendant beta-keto ester functions; and
wherein a portion of said polymeric chains are cross-linked to each other by a Hantzsch dihydropyridine reaction between two equivalents of said beta-keto ester functions, one equivalent of said aldehyde and one equivalent of said ammonia or said primary amine and wherein said polymeric chains are crosslinked by a pyridine group formed from said beta-keto ester groups on said resin by said Hantzsch dihydropyridine reaction.
2. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition further comprises a wax.
3. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition comprises reaction products of from 0.1 to 1.5 equivalents of said aldehyde per each 2 equivalents of said beta-keto ester functions on said resin.
4. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said beta-keto ester functions in said polymeric resin are provided by incorporation of the monomer acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate into said polymeric resin.
5. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 4 , wherein said polymeric resin further comprises at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of n-butylmethacrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and mixtures thereof.
6. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition further comprises glucose.
7. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said source of primary amine comprises at least one of an amino acid, a diamine, or a mixture thereof.
8. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 7 , wherein said amino acid comprises cysteine.
9. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said source of ammonia comprises ammonium zirconyl carbonate.
10. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition further comprises vanadium pentoxide.
11. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said metal substrate comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of steel, cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, stainless steel, aluminum, zinc metal coated steel, zinc alloy coated steel, galvanized steel, and hot dip galvanized steel.
12. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition is applied onto said metal substrate at an amount of from 150 to 400milligrams per square foot based on the total coating composition weight.
13. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition is dried in place at a peak metal temperature of from 180 to 350° F.
14. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition provides said metal substrate with enhanced corrosion resistance to exposure to a neutral salt spray compared to a metal substrate coated with said coating composition prepared without any aldehyde present and therefore without any cross-linked polymeric chains.
15. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition is more resistant to exposure to methylethyl ketone compared to said coating composition prepared without any aldehyde present and therefore without any cross-linked polymeric chains.
16. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition is resistant to removal from said metal substrate by exposure to a 20% NaOH solution for 1 minute.
17. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 1 , wherein said coating composition is applied directly onto a bare metal surface of said metal substrate and dried in place.
18. A coated metal substrate comprising a dried in place organic coating deposited directly onto at least one bare metal surface of a metal substrate, said organic coating comprising cross-linked polymeric chains with at least a portion of the cross-linking groups comprising pyridine 3, 5 dicarboxylate groups, wherein said pyridine 3, 5 dicarboxylate groups are formed in part from two pendant beta-keto ester groups reacted with an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, glucose, vanillin, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid, and mixtures thereof and a source of either ammonia or a primary amine, wherein each pendant beta-keto ester group is located on a different polymeric chain.
19. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 18 , wherein said organic coating further comprises zirconium.
20. The coated metal substrate as recited in claim 18 , wherein said organic coating further comprises vanadium.