UV-curing methods for forming ink jet images
A method for forming an ink jet image on a substrate includes ink jetting an ink jettable and UV-curable composition onto the substrate in an imagewise fashion to form an ink jetted image on the substrate. The ink jettable and UV-curable composition includes: a reactive polymer having: (a1) or (a2) recurring units having pendant metal complexing water-solubilizing groups, (b) at least 5 mol % of recurring units having a pendant group capable of crosslinking via [2+2] photocycloaddition, and optionally (c) at least 1 mol % of recurring units including a pendant amide, hydroxyl, or lactam group, or a pendant precursor moiety for the pendant amide, hydroxyl, or lactam group. The ink jetted image is cured to form a UV-cured ink jet image on the substrate. The ink jettable and UV-curable composition can also include metal nanoparticles or reducible metal ions that can serve as catalytic sites for electroless plating.
1. A method for forming an ink jet image comprising:
providing a substrate, and
ink jetting an ink jettable and UV-curable composition onto the substrate in an imagewise fashion to form an ink jetted image on the substrate, the ink jettable and UV-curable composition comprising:
a complex of reducible metal ions or metal nanoparticles with a reactive polymer, the reactive polymer comprising: (a2) at least 5 mol % of recurring units comprising pendant sulfonate groups, (b) at least 5 mol % of recurring units comprising a pendant group capable of crosslinking via [2+2] photocycloaddition, and optionally (c) at least 1 mol % of recurring units comprising a pendant amide, hydroxyl, lactam group, carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid group or a pendant precursor moiety for the pendant amide, hydroxyl, lactam, carboxylic acid, or phosphonic acid group, all amounts based on the total recurring units in the reactive polymer; and
optionally, one or more of the following components:
a humectant,
a dye or pigment colorant,
an anionic or nonionic surfactant,
a water-soluble or water-dispersible acrylic polymer, and
a water-soluble or water-dispersible polyurethane, and
UV-curing the ink jetted image to form a UV-cured ink jetted metallized image on the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
if the UV-cured ink jetted metallized image comprises reducible metal ions, contacting the UV-cured ink jetted metallized image with a metal ion reducing agent, and
optionally, electrolessly plating the UV-cured ink jetted metallized image on the substrate.
3. The method of claim 2 , comprising:
contacting the UV-cured ink jet image with reducible silver ions or silver nanoparticles to form a UV-cured metallized image on the substrate,
if the UV-cured metallized image comprises reducible silver ions, contacting the UV-cured metallized image with a silver ion reducing agent, and
electrolessly plating the UV-cured metallized image on the substrate.
4. The method of claim 3 , comprising electrolessly plating the UV-cured metallized image on the substrate with copper, gold, silver, nickel, palladium, or platinum.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive polymer comprises at least 5 mol % and up to and including 50 mol % of the (a2) recurring units, based on the total recurring units in the reactive polymer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the (b) recurring units of the reactive polymer comprise:
(i) a photosensitive —C(═O)—CR═CR 1 —Y group wherein R and R 1 are independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a 5- to 6-membered cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a phenoxy group, and Y is an aryl or heteroaryl group;
(ii) a photosensitive, non-aromatic unsaturated carbocyclic group;
(iii) a photosensitive, aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic group comprising a carbon-carbon double bond that is conjugated with an electron withdrawing group;
(iv) a photosensitive non-aromatic unsaturated heterocyclic group comprising one or more amide groups that are conjugated with a carbon-carbon double bond, which photosensitive non-aromatic unsaturated heterocyclic group is linked to the water-soluble backbone at an amide nitrogen atom, or
(v) a photosensitive substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-diarylethylene group.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive polymer comprises at least 5 mol % and up to and including 50 mol % of the (b) recurring units, based on the total recurring units in the reactive polymer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive polymer comprises at least 1 mole % and up to and including 90 mol % of (c) recurring units comprising pendant hydroxyl, amide, or carboxylic acid groups, based on the total recurring units in the reactive polymer.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ink jettable and UV-curable composition further comprises a humectant that is chosen from at least one of the following groups of compounds:
(1) polyhydric alcohols;
(2) polyoxygenated polyols and their derivatives;
(3) sulfur-containing polyol compounds;
(4) cyclic lactams; and
(5) cyclic ureas.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ink jettable and UV-curable composition further comprises a pigment colorant that has a median particle diameter of less than 150 nm and more likely less than 100 nm, in an amount of at least 0.1 weight % and up to and including 30 weight %, based on the total weight of the ink jettable and UV-curable composition.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ink jettable and UV-curable composition further comprises a nonionic surfactant.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ink jettable and UV-curable composition further comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible polyurethane.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ink jettable and UV-curable composition comprises a complex of reducible silver ions or silver nanoparticles with the reactive polymer.