Method and system for the examination of a sample by means of thermography
The invention provides a method for a non-destructive, non-contacting and image forming examination of a sample by means of heat flow thermography. The method comprises exciting the sample at least twice independently from each other by means of the heat pulses from the excitation source; taking a first thermal image of the surface of the sample at a first time distance Δt 1 from a first triggering of the heat pulse which first time distance Δt 1 is characteristic for gradients in heat flow velocity in a first depth below the surface of the sample; taking a second thermal image of the surface of the sample at a 1 second time distance Δt 2 from a second triggering of the heat pulse which second time distance Δt 2 is characteristic for gradients in heat flow velocity in a second depth below the first depth; and taking any thermal images of the surface of the sample at a further time distances Δt n from any subsequent triggering of the heat pulse which further time distances Δt n are characteristic for gradients in heat flow velocity in further depths lying deeper as the second depth; and extracting from the thermal images an indication of the presence of any gradients of heat flow velocity at the respective depth distances from a surface of the sample. The system is configured to carry out the above method.
1. A method of heat flow thermography, comprising:
selecting a first time interval and a second time interval based on model heat flow gradients associated with a sample at a first depth from a sample surface and a second depth from the sample surface, respectively;
exciting the sample with a first heat pulse and a second pulse from at least one excitation source;
capturing a first thermal image and a second thermal image of a surface of the sample responsive to the first heat pulse and the second heat pulse, respectively, with at least one infrared camera, wherein the first thermal image is captured at the first time interval from the excitation of the sample with the first heat pulse and the second thermal image is captured at the second time interval from the excitation of the sample with the second heat pulse; and
evaluating the first thermal image and the second thermal image with a signal and image processing system so as to;
and
indicate a presence of a gradient in heat flow velocity at the first depth and the second depth.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting a plurality of time intervals associated with respective depths, applying associated excitation pulses, capturing images at each of the associated time intervals, and indicating a presence of respective gradients in heat flow velocity at each of the depths.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the capturing the first thermal image and the second thermal image includes capturing a first sequence of thermal images at the first time interval from the excitation of the sample and a second sequence of thermal images at the second time interval from the excitation of the sample.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising adjusting an image intensity value associated with ef each of the first and second captured image sequences by a common corrective intensity offset.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the thermal images is corrected with a common intensity offset.
6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising selecting a captured image of the first sequence of the second sequence and adjusting the image intensity in the other captured images of the first sequence and the second sequence based on the selected captured image.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the selected captured image is the first captured image in either the first sequence or the second sequence.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein one of the first and second captured image sequences is used as a reference sequence for adjusting the image intensity of the other of the first and second captured image sequences.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first captured image sequence is used as a reference for correcting the image intensity of the second captured image sequence.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample includes at least one defect proximate the surface of the sample and associated with heat flow from the surface of the sample into an interior of the sample, wherein
the indication of the presence of a particular defect corresponds to a hot spot in at least one image captured at a time interval associated with a depth of the defect from the surface of the sample.
11. A system for heat flow thermography, comprising:
a camera;
at least one excitation source configured to excite a sample with heat pulses; and
a signal and image processing controller configured to:
select a first time interval and a second time interval based on model heat flow gradients associated with the sample at a first depth from a sample surface and a second depth from the sample surface, respectively, wherein the first time interval and the second time interval are associated with gradients in heat flow velocity at corresponding depths below a surface of the sample;
control the at least one excitation source to excite the sample at least twice independently from each other with the heat pulses,
control the camera to capture thermal images of the sample surface associated with thermal flows responsive to the heat pulses from the excitation source, so that thermal images are captured at the first time interval and the second time interval with respect to excitation of the sample with the heat pulses, and
evaluate the thermal images to determine a presence of a gradient in heat flow velocity at one or both of the first depth and the second depth.
12. The system according to claim 11 , further comprising a memory coupled to the controller and configured to store model heat flow gradients associated with the sample, wherein the controller is configured to select the first time interval and the second time interval based on the stored model heat flow gradients.
13. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the controller is further configured to control the camera to capture a plurality of thermal image sequences at the first time interval and the second time interval.
14. The system of claim 11 , further comprising a display that displays characteristic curves of intensity versus heat flow after an excitation.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising displaying characteristic curves of intensity versus heat flow after applying at least one of the first heat pulse and the second heat pulse.