Methods for retrievable information storage using nucleic acids
A method of storing information using monomers such as nucleotides is provided including converting a format of information into a plurality of bit sequences of a bit stream with each having a corresponding bit barcode, converting the plurality of bit sequences to a plurality of corresponding oligonucleotide sequences using one bit per base encoding, synthesizing the plurality of corresponding oligonucleotide sequences on a substrate having a plurality of reaction locations, and storing the synthesized plurality of corresponding oligonucleotide sequences.
1. A method of creating a binary encoded polymer comprising repeatedly extending a growing polymer chain with
(i) one or more than one of either a first monomer or a second monomer of a first monomer pair or
(ii) one or more than one of either a first monomer or a second monomer of a second monomer pair, to produce an extension product,
wherein the extension product represents a series of binary information bits corresponding to a bit stream translated from information in a format,
wherein each monomer of the first monomer pair is representative of a first binary information bit,
wherein each monomer of the second monomer pair is representative of a second binary information bit, and
alternating between the first monomer and second monomer of a given monomer pair when monomers of the extension products are representative of the same binary information bit and occur directly in series,
wherein the extension product includes at least one homopolymer of either the first monomer or the second monomer of the first monomer pair or at least one homopolymer of either the first monomer or the second monomer of the second monomer pair and
wherein the binary encoded polymer encodes the information from the format.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymer is a nucleic acid.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the first monomer or the second monomer of the first monomer pair is a nucleotide.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the first monomer or the second monomer of the second monomer pair is a nucleotide.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first monomer pair includes adenine (A) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the second monomer pair includes cytosine (C) and guanine (G).
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the extension products are formed using an enzyme and a selected monomer under conditions to catalyze addition of the selected monomer.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the extension products are formed using a polymerase and a selected monomer under conditions to catalyze addition of the selected monomer.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the extension products are formed using a template independent polymerase and a selected monomer under conditions to catalyze addition of the selected monomer.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the growing polymer chain is attached to a substrate.
11. The method of claim 1 including a plurality of growing polymer chains formed from steps (i) and (ii).
12. The method of claim 1 including a plurality of growing polymer chains formed from steps (i) and (ii) and wherein the plurality of growing polymer chains is attached to a substrate.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the first monomer or the second monomer of the first monomer pair is a natural nucleotide.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the first monomer or the second monomer of the second monomer pair is a natural nucleotide.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second monomer pairs include natural nucleotides and the extension product is made by catalyzing the addition of a natural nucleotide under conditions sufficient to add a single nucleotide or more than one nucleotide.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second monomer pairs include natural nucleotides and the extension product is made by alternating at one or more locations on a substrate administration of a polymerase and a selected nucleotide with a nucleotide deficient buffer and thereby catalyzing the addition of a natural nucleotide under conditions sufficient to add the nucleotide.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the format of information is a text or image or video or audio format.