Impact resistant ductile iron castings
A highly impact resistant ductile iron casting is made from a specified high nickel content ductile iron composition and post-treated with a specified heating and cooling profile to achieve an elongation exceeding the ASTM A536 (“60-40-18”) standard, and meeting or exceeding Charpy V Notch impact resistance at −20° F. of greater than 11.0 ft.lbs.
1. A ductile iron alloy composition having carbon present in a range of 3.75 wt % to 3.93 wt %; manganese present in a range of 0.10 wt % to 0.19 wt %; phosphorus present in an amount up to 0.032 wt %; sulfur present in an amount up to 0.021 wt %; silicon present in a range of 1.95 wt % to 2.39 wt %; nickel present in a range of 0.81 wt % to 0.99 wt %; copper present in a range of 0.02 wt % to 0.09 wt %; and having a Carbon Equivalence greater than 4.3; the iron composition having a tensile strength of at least 58,000 psi; yield strength at least 38,000 psi; elongation at least 21%; and Charpy V notch impact resistance at −20° F. of at least 11 ft.lbs.
2. The ductile iron alloy composition according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon is present in a range of 3.75 wt % to 3.90 wt %, the silicon is present in a range of 2.08 wt % to 2.39 wt %; the manganese is present in a range of 0.11 wt % to 0.19 wt %; and the sulfur is present in an amount up to 0.016 wt %.
3. The ductile iron alloy composition according to claim 1 having a tensile strength of at least 60,000 psi and yield strength of at least 40,000 psi.
4. The ductile iron alloy composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is a casting having a maximum thickness up to 4 inches.
5. The ductile iron alloy composition according to claim 4 , having a microstructure formed by heating to a first temperature in a range of 1650° F. to 1675 F; thereafter held at said first temperature for one hour per inch of thickness of the iron casting plus one hour; thereafter cooled in a furnace to a temperature of about 1200° F. over a period of at least about 6 hours; and thereafter cooled to room temperature.
6. The ductile iron alloy composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is a casting used in the rail industry.
7. The ductile iron alloy composition of claim 6 , wherein the composition is a casting selected from the group consisting of a bearing housing, a lifting hook, and a chevron adapter.
8. The ductile iron alloy composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is hypereutectic and has a Carbon Equivalence equal to or greater than 4.53.
9. The ductile iron alloy composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has 100% ferritic structure.
10. A method of making a hypereutectic ductile iron casting, comprising
(a) casting an iron alloy having carbon present in a range of 3.75 wt % to 3.93 wt %; manganese present in a range of 0.10 wt % to 0.19 wt %; phosphorus present in an amount up to 0.032 wt %; sulfur present in an amount up to 0.021 wt %; silicon present in a range of 1.95 wt % to 2.39 wt %; nickel present in a range of 0.81 wt % to 0.99 wt %; copper in a range of 0.02 wt % to 0.09 wt %; and a Carbon Equivalence greater than 4.3 to form an iron casting; and
(b) heating the iron casting to a first temperature in a range of 1650° F. to 1675° F.;
(c) thereafter, maintaining the iron casting at said first temperature in a range of 1650° F. to 1675° F. for one hour per inch of thickness of the iron casting plus one hour; and
(d) thereafter cooling the iron casting in a furnace to a temperature of about 1200° F. over a period of at least about 6 hours; and
(e) thereafter cooling the iron casting to room temperature to form a finished ductile iron casting having a tensile strength of at least 58,000 psi; yield strength at least 38,000 psi; elongation at least 21%; and Charpy V notch impact resistance at −20° F. of at least about 11 ft.lbs.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein, in the iron alloy of step (a), the carbon is present in a range of 3.75 wt % to 3.90 wt %, the silicon is present in a range of 2.08 wt % to 2.39 wt %; the manganese is present in a range of 0.11 wt % to 0.19 wt %; and the sulfur is present in an amount up to 0.016 wt %.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein step (d) of cooling the cast iron material in a furnace comprises cooling the cast iron material at a rate no faster than about 40° F. per hour from 1450° F. to 1200° F.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein step (a) of casting an iron alloy consists of casting in a mold to form an iron casting having a maximum thickness of 4 inches.
14. The method according to claim 10 , wherein step (a) of casting an iron alloy consists of casting in a mold to form an iron casting selected from the group consisting of a bearing housing, a lifting hook, and a chevron adapter.
15. The method according to claim 10 , wherein after step (e) of cooling the iron casting, the finished ductile iron casting has a 100% ferritic structure.
16. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the ductile iron alloy of step (a) is hypereutectic, having a Carbon Equivalence greater than about 4.53.
17. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the ductile iron alloy of step (a) has a tensile strength of at least 60,000 psi and yield strength of at least 40,000 psi.