High throughput detection of molecular markers based on AFLP and high through-put sequencing
The present invention relates to a high throughput method for the identification and detection of molecular markers wherein restriction fragments are generated and suitable adaptors comprising (sample-specific) identifiers are ligated. The adapter-ligated restriction fragments may be selectively amplified with adaptor compatible primers carrying selective nucleotides at their 3′ end. The amplified adapter-ligated restriction fragments are, at least partly, sequenced using high throughput sequencing methods and the sequence parts of the restriction fragments together with the sample-specific identifiers serve as molecular marker.
1. A method for detecting one or more polymorphisms in a plurality of nucleic acid samples, comprising:
obtaining a pool of amplicons from the plurality of nucleic acid samples, which comprises amplifying the nucleic acid samples or fragments thereof using one or more primers, wherein the amplicons derived from each of the nucleic acid samples are tagged with a unique sample-specific identifier sequence;
sequencing the pool of amplicons to obtain sequence reads, wherein the sample-specific identifier sequence and at least part of the sequence of the nucleic acid samples are sequenced by high-throughput sequencing; and
detecting one or more polymorphisms in the plurality of nucleic acid samples by comparing the sequence reads and using the identifier sequence to assign the polymorphisms to the nucleic acid samples.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymorphisms comprise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high-throughput sequencing is performed on a solid support and comprises annealing the amplicons to the solid support and amplifying the annealed amplicons.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high-throughput sequencing is based on Sequencing-by-Synthesis.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high-throughput sequencing comprises the steps of: annealing the amplicons to beads, each bead annealing with a single amplicon; emulsifying the beads in water-in-oil micro reactors, each water-in-oil micro reactor comprising a single bead; performing emulsion PCR to amplify the amplicons on the surface of beads; optionally, selecting/enriching beads containing amplified amplicons; loading the beads in wells, each well comprising a single bead; and determining the nucleotide sequence of the amplified amplicons using generating a pyrophosphate signal.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the high-throughput sequencing comprises the steps of: annealing the amplicons to a surface containing first and second primers or first and second primer binding sequences respectively, performing bridge amplification to provide clusters of amplified amplicons, determining the nucleotide sequence of the amplified amplicons using labeled reversible terminator nucleotides.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amplicons are obtained by amplifying the nucleic acid samples or fragments thereof using at least one primer comprising at its 3′ end one or more nucleotides hybridizable to the nucleic acid samples.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sample-specific identifier sequence is 4-16 bp.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sample-specific identifier sequence is 4-10 bp.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sample-specific identifier sequence is 4-6 bp.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sequencing is performed at least 6 times.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sequencing is performed at least 9 times.