Heat transfer medium
A heat transfer medium is provided with superb thermal conductivity. The medium is comprised of selected inorganic materials to provide an environmentally-friendly aqueous suspension to provide a revolutionary kind of heat transfer fluid.
1. A heat transfer material comprising insoluble fine particles cobalt (II, III) oxide, iron (II, III) oxide, zirconium (IV) oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zinc molybdate.
2. The heat transfer material according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting fine particles of zinc oxide, silver phosphate, titanium carbide, titanium dioxide, aluminum nitride and boronnitride.
3. The heat transfer material according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of fine particles of silicon dioxide, silver phosphate and titanium carbide.
4. The heat transfer material according to claim 1 , comprising said fine particles in the following % by weight amounts:
cobalt (II, III) oxide—0.3-0.6%
iron (II, III) oxide—12.0-18.5%
zirconium (IV) oxide—32.1-49.9%
aluminum oxide—11.7-32.4%
zinc molybdate—33-5.8%
silicon dioxide—4.1-9.3%.
5. The heat transfer material according to claim 3 , comprising said fine particles, where present, in the following % by weight amounts:
cobalt (II, III) oxide—0.3-0.6%
iron (II, III) oxide—12.0-18.5%
zirconium (IV) oxide—32.1-49.9%
aluminum oxide—11.7-32.4%
zinc molybdate—3.3-5.8%
silicon dioxide—4.1-9.3%
zinc oxide—0.8-1.2%
silver phosphate—3.2-4.6%
titanium carbide—3.4-4.7%
titanium dioxide—4.0-5.7%
aluminum nitride—11.7-15.9%
boronnitride—2.5-3.4%.
6. The heat transfer material according to claim 3 , comprising said fine particles, where present, in the following % by weight amounts:
cobalt (II, III) oxide—0.32-0.58%
iron (II, III) oxide—12.01-18.49%
zirconium (IV) oxide—32.16-49.90%
aluminum oxide—11.72-32.36%
zinc molybdate—3.35-5.78%
silicon dioxide—4.19-9.25%
zinc oxide—0.83-1.15%
silver phosphate—3.21-4.62%
titanium carbide—3.42-4.62%
titanium dioxide—4.02-5.67%
aluminum nitride—11.72-15.86%
boronnitride—2.52-3.40%.
7. The heat transfer material according to claim 3 , comprising said fine particles, where present, in the following % by weight amounts:
cobalt (II, III) oxide—0.3-0.6%
iron (II, III) oxide—12.0-18.5%
zirconium (IV) oxide—32.1-49.9%
aluminum oxide—11.7-32.4%
zinc molybdate—3.3-5.8%
silicon dioxide—4.1-9.3%
silver phosphate—3.2-4.6%
titanium carbide—3.4-4.7%
aluminum nitride—11.7-15.9%
boronnitride—2.5-3.4%.
8. The heat transfer material according to claim 3 , comprising said fine particles, where present, in the following % by weight amounts:
cobalt (II, III) oxide—0.32-0.58%
iron (II, III) oxide—12.01-18.49%
zirconium (IV) oxide—32.16-49.90%
aluminum oxide—11.72-32.36%
zinc molybdate—3.35-5.78%
silicon dioxide—4.19-9.25%
silver phosphate—3.21-4.62%
titanium dioxide—4.02-5.67%.
9. The heat transfer material according to claim 3 , comprising said fine particles, where present, in the following % by weight amounts:
cobalt (II, III) oxide—0.32-0.58%
iron (II, III) oxide—12.01-18.49%
zirconium (IV) oxide—32.16-49.90%
aluminum oxide—11.72-32.36%
zinc molybdate—3.35-5.78%
silicon dioxide—4.19-9.25%
titanium dioxide—4.02-5.67%.
10. The heat transfer material according to claim 3 , comprising said fine particles, where present, in the following % by weight amounts:
cobalt (II, III) oxide—0.32-0.58%
iron (II, III) oxide—12.01-18.49%
zirconium (IV) oxide—32.16-49.90%
aluminum oxide—11.72-32.36%
zinc molybdate—3.35-5.78%
silicon dioxide—4.19-9.25%
zinc oxide—0.83-1.15%
silver phosphate—3.21-4.62%.
11. The heat transfer material according to claim 3 , comprising said fine particles, where present, in the following % by weight amounts:
cobalt (II, III) oxide—0.32-0.58%
iron (II, III) oxide—12.01-18.49%
zirconium (IV) oxide—32.16-49.90%
aluminum oxide—11.72-32.36%
zinc molybdate—3.35-5.78%
silicon dioxide—4.19-9.25%
zinc oxide—0.83-1.15%
silver phosphate—3.21-4.62%
titanium dioxide—4.02-5.67%.
12. The heat transfer material according to claim 3 , comprising said fine particles, where present, in the following % by weight amounts:
cobalt (II, III) oxide—0.32-0.58%
iron (II, III) oxide—12.01-18.49%
zirconium (IV) oxide—32.16-49.90%
aluminum oxide—11.72-32.36%
zinc molybdate—3.35-5.78%
silicon dioxide—4.19-9.25%
titanium carbide—3.42-4.62%
titanium dioxide—4.02-5.67%
aluminum nitride—11.72-15.86%
boronnitride—2.52-3.40%.
13. The heat transfer material according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.
14. The heat transfer material according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid and said sulfuric acid in an amount of 0.8 to 1.2 weight %.
15. The heat transfer material according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid and said sulfuric acid in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of said heat transfer material to 4.5 to 5.5.
16. The heat transfer material according to claim 1 , wherein said fine particles have an average size of less than one micron.
17. The heat transfer material according to claim 16 , wherein said fine particles of Iron (II, III), zirconium oxide and aluminum nitride have an average size of 10 to 400 nanometers.
18. A heat transfer material medium comprising a heat transfer material according to claim 1 , and further comprising deionized water.
19. A heat transfer system comprising:
a closed container,
a cavity within the container, the cavity being at a subatmospheric pressure; and
a heat transfer medium according to claim 12 located within the cavity.
20. A method for transferring heat which comprises exposing a heat transfer medium according to claim 18 in a container to energy, to thereby transfer heat energy to the outside of said container.