Smoke detection using two different wavelengths of light and additional detection for measurement correction
In accordance with certain embodiments, a smoke detector determines the presence of smoke particles outside its housing based on measurements of light detected at different wavelengths and corrected based on an ambient light level.
1. A method of smoke detection utilizing a smoke detector comprising (a) a housing, (b) one or more light emitters, and (c) one or more light detectors, the method comprising:
acquiring a first unilluminated measurement of light including a first wavelength and a second wavelength longer than the first wavelength without emitting light of approximately the first wavelength or light of approximately the second wavelength from the one or more light emitters;
acquiring a measurement of light including the first wavelength from a first sampling volume while emitting light of approximately the first wavelength with at least one said light emitter;
acquiring a measurement of light including the second wavelength from a second sampling volume while emitting light of approximately the second wavelength with at least one said light emitter;
correcting the measurement of light including the first wavelength based at least in part on the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength, thereby producing a corrected first-wavelength measurement;
correcting the measurement of light including the second wavelength based at least in part on the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength, thereby producing a corrected second-wavelength measurement; and
determining the presence of smoke particles outside the housing based on a ratio of the corrected first-wavelength measurement to the corrected second-wavelength measurement.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein producing the corrected first-wavelength measurement comprises decreasing the measurement of light including the first wavelength by a first offset derived from the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein producing the corrected second-wavelength measurement comprises decreasing the measurement of light including the second wavelength by a second offset derived from the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength is acquired before the measurement of light including the first wavelength and the measurement of light including the second wavelength are acquired.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the measurement of light including the first wavelength or the measurement of light including the second wavelength is acquired before the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength is acquired.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein only one of the measurement of light including the first wavelength or the measurement of light including the second wavelength is acquired before the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength is acquired.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after acquiring the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength, acquiring a second unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength without emitting light of approximately the first wavelength or light of approximately the second wavelength from the one or more light emitters.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein (i) the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength is acquired before at least one of the measurement of light including the first wavelength or the measurement of light including the second wavelength is acquired, and (ii) the second unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength is acquired after at least one of the measurement of light including the first wavelength or the measurement of light including the second wavelength is acquired.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein producing the corrected first-wavelength measurement comprises decreasing the measurement of light including the first wavelength by an offset derived from an average of (a) the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength and (b) the second unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein producing the corrected second-wavelength measurement comprises decreasing the measurement of light including the second wavelength by an offset derived from an average of (a) the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength and (b) the second unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein none of the one or more light emitters emits light during acquisition of the second unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the second unilluminated measurement of light measures light of the first wavelength and the second wavelength originating outside of the housing.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein none of the one or more light emitters emits light during acquisition of the first unilluminated measurement of light including the first wavelength and the second wavelength.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first unilluminated measurement of light measures light of the first wavelength and the second wavelength originating outside of the housing.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising detecting an ambient light level outside of the housing.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
producing the corrected first-wavelength measurement comprises correcting the measurement of light including the first wavelength based in part on the detected ambient light level; and
producing the corrected second-wavelength measurement comprises correcting the measurement of light including the second wavelength based in part on the detected ambient light level.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
producing the corrected first-wavelength measurement comprises adding to the measurement of light including the first wavelength an offset derived from the detected ambient light level; and
producing the corrected second-wavelength measurement comprises adding to the measurement of light including the second wavelength an offset derived from the detected ambient light level.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the presence of smoke particles comprises comparing the ratio of the corrected first-wavelength measurement to the corrected second-wavelength measurement to a first threshold, smoke particles being determined to be present when the ratio of the corrected first-wavelength measurement to the corrected second-wavelength measurement is larger than the first threshold.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first threshold corresponds to at least one of (i) a signal level larger than a signal level generated via smoke obscuration of approximately 0.5%/foot or (ii) a signal level smaller than a signal level generated via smoke obscuration of approximately 4%/foot.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more light emitters comprise a broadband light source emitting light over a range of wavelengths, the first and second wavelengths being within the range of wavelengths.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the broadband light source comprises a white light-emitting diode.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more light emitters comprise a first light emitter emitting light at the first wavelength and a second light emitter, different from the first light emitter, emitting light at the second wavelength.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the smoke detector comprises a proximity sensor, at least one said light detector being embedded within the proximity sensor.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the smoke detector comprises an ambient light sensor discrete from the proximity sensor, at least one said light detector being embedded within the ambient light sensor.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first sampling volume at least partially overlaps with the second sampling volume.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second sampling volumes are substantially the same.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second sampling volumes are disposed outside of the housing.
28. The method of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of:
altering a position of at least a portion of the first sampling volume by altering an emission trajectory of the emitted light of approximately the first wavelength; or
altering a position of at least a portion of the second sampling volume by altering an emission trajectory of the emitted light of approximately the second wavelength.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein at least one of the emission trajectory of the emitted light of approximately the first wavelength or the emission trajectory of the emitted light of approximately the second wavelength is altered via one or more optical elements.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the one or more optical elements comprise at least one of a lens, a prism, a grating, or a mirror.